| Acknowledgement | 第9-22页 |
| Abstract | 第22-24页 |
| 摘要 | 第25-27页 |
| CHAPTER 1 Literature review | 第27-40页 |
| 1.1 Soil salinity and its damage to crops | 第27-30页 |
| 1.2 Cytosolic K~+/N~+ ratio and ion homeostasis | 第30-32页 |
| 1.3 Accumulation of compatible solutes and reactive oxygen species in response to salinity | 第32-33页 |
| 1.4 Sub-cellular alterations and sodium compartmentation | 第33-36页 |
| 1.5 The genetic difference in salt tolerance and single nucleotide polymorphism | 第36-38页 |
| 1.6 Future perspectives and objectives of the current study | 第38-40页 |
| Chapter 2 Difference in pbysiologica) and biochemical responses to salinity stress between Tibetan wild and cultivated barleys | 第40-55页 |
| 2.1 Materials and Methods | 第41-44页 |
| 2.1.1 Plant materials and growth conditions | 第41-42页 |
| 2.1.2 Measurement of leaf chlorophyll content | 第42页 |
| 2.1.3 Measurement of Na~+ and K~- contents | 第42页 |
| 2.1.4 Preparation of tonoplast vesicles | 第42-43页 |
| 2.1.5 Assay of protein content and enzymatic activity | 第43页 |
| 2.1.6 Measurement of electrolyte leakage (EL) | 第43-44页 |
| 2.1.7 Assay of xylem sap osmolarity | 第44页 |
| 2.1.8 Statistical analysis | 第44页 |
| 2.2 Results | 第44-51页 |
| 2.2.1 Growth parameters | 第44-46页 |
| 2.2.2 Na~+ and K~+ concentrations in plants | 第46-47页 |
| 2.2.3 Chlorophyll content | 第47-49页 |
| 2.2.4 Xylem sap osmolarity and electrolyte leakage | 第49-50页 |
| 2.2.5 Vacuolar H~+ -ATPase and H~+ -PPase activity | 第50-51页 |
| 2.3 Discussion | 第51-54页 |
| 2.4 Conclusion | 第54-55页 |
| Chapter 3 The influence of salinitv on cell ullrastructures and photosynthelic apparatus of barley genotypes differing in salt stress tolerance | 第55-69页 |
| 3.1 Materials and methods | 第56-59页 |
| 3.1.1 Plant materials and growth conditions | 第56-57页 |
| 3.1.2 Biomass and ion concentration | 第57页 |
| 3.1.3 Analysis of transmission electron microscopy | 第57页 |
| 3.1.4 Measurement of cell viability | 第57-58页 |
| 3.1.5 Measurement of chlorophyll content, fluorescence parameters and photosynthesis | 第58页 |
| 3.1.6 Statistical analysis | 第58-59页 |
| 3.2 Results | 第59-65页 |
| 3.2.1 Plant growth and ion concentration | 第59页 |
| 3.2.2 Leaf and root ultrastructure | 第59-63页 |
| 3.2.3 Root viability and photosynthetic characteristics | 第63-65页 |
| 3.3 Discussion | 第65-67页 |
| 3.4 Conclusion | 第67-69页 |
| Chapter 4 The differences m physiological, molecular responses, ultrastructure changes, and Na' subcellular distribution under salt stress among the barley genotypes differing in sail tolerance | 第69-85页 |
| 4.1 Materials and methods | 第70-73页 |
| 4.1.1 Plant materiala and growth conditions | 第70-71页 |
| 4.1.2 Root scanning | 第71页 |
| 4.1.3 Analysis of transmission electron microscopy | 第71-72页 |
| 4.1.4 Visualization of Na~+ Ions | 第72页 |
| 4.1.5 Quantitative real-time PCR | 第72页 |
| 4.1.6 Separation and measurement of subcellular fractions | 第72页 |
| 4.1.7 Ionome profiling | 第72-73页 |
| 4.1.8 Statistical analysis | 第73页 |
| 4.2 Results | 第73-81页 |
| 4.2.1 Root architecture | 第73-75页 |
| 4.2.2 Leaf and root ultrastructure | 第75-77页 |
| 4.2.3 Na~+ accumulation in vacuoles of root cells | 第77-78页 |
| 4.2.4 Transcripts of HvHVA/68 and HvHVP1 | 第78-79页 |
| 4.2.5 Subcellular localization of Na~+ and K~+ | 第79-81页 |
| 4.3 Discussion | 第81-84页 |
| 4.4 Conclusion | 第84-85页 |
| Chapter 5 The difference in antioxidant responses to salt stress between wild and cultivated barleys | 第85-99页 |
| 5.1 Materials and Methods | 第86-89页 |
| 5.1.1 Measurement ion content | 第87页 |
| 5.1.2 Measurement of SOD, CAT and POD activities | 第87页 |
| 5.1.3 Histochemical detection of O_2 and H_2O_2 | 第87-88页 |
| 5.1.4 Comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis) | 第88页 |
| 5.1.5 Statistical analysis | 第88-89页 |
| 5.2 Results | 第89-97页 |
| 5.2.1 Response of ion accumulation in leaves and roots of barley to salt stress | 第89页 |
| 5.2.2 Antioxidant enzymatic activity in response to salt stress | 第89-91页 |
| 5.2.3 Response of proline content to salt stress | 第91页 |
| 5.2.4 Histochemical detection of ROS (H_2O_2 and O_2~-) production in leaf and root | 第91-95页 |
| 5.2.5 DNA damage induced by NaCl exposure | 第95-97页 |
| 5.3 Discussion | 第97-99页 |
| CHAPTER 6 NHX-TYPE Na~+/H~+ANTI-PORTER GENE EXPRESSION UNDER DIFFERENT SALTLEVELS AND ALLELIC DIVERSITY OF HVNIIX IN WILD AND CULTIVATED BARLEYS | 第99-125页 |
| 6.1 Materials and methods | 第101-104页 |
| 6.1.1 Determination of sodium and potassium concentration in plant tissue | 第102页 |
| 6.1.2 RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis for real-time PCR | 第102-103页 |
| 6.1.3 Isolation and sequence analysis of HvNHXl and HvNHXS cDNA | 第103页 |
| 6.1.4 Statistical analysis | 第103-104页 |
| 6.2 Results | 第104-122页 |
| 6.2.1 The difference in tissue dry weight and ion content among four genotypes under moderate and severe salt stress | 第104-106页 |
| 6.2.2 Correlation between relative dry weight and ionic contents | 第106-107页 |
| 6.2.3 Expression of Na~+/H~+ -antiporters (HvNHX) isoform in response to moderate and severe salt stress in roots | 第107-108页 |
| 6.2.4 Expression of Na~+/H~+- antiporters (HvNHX) isoform in response to moderate and severe salt stress in leaves | 第108-110页 |
| 6.2.5 SNP detection and validation | 第110-122页 |
| 6.3 Discussion | 第122-125页 |
| References | 第125-144页 |
| Publications | 第144-146页 |
