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Development of Advanced Gaseous Detectors for Muon Tracking and Triggering in Collider Experiments

摘要第5-6页
ABSTRACT第6页
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS第7-8页
Contents第8-11页
1 Introduction第11-15页
2 A Brief History of Gaseous Detectors第15-33页
    2.1 Birth of gaseous detector第15-16页
    2.2 Geiger counter-detection of single radiation第16-19页
    2.3 Ionization chamber-discovery from energy measurement第19-20页
    2.4 Spark chamber-viewing traces from invisibles第20-22页
    2.5 Wire chambers-boosting discoveries第22-27页
    2.6 RPC and MPGD-shading lights to future第27-30页
    2.7 Summary第30-33页
3 Principles of Gaseous Detectors第33-73页
    3.1 Interaction of charged particles in matter第34-42页
        3.1.1 Energy loss in matter第35-39页
        3.1.2 Fluctuation of energy loss in thin absorbers第39-42页
    3.2 Interaction of photons and neutrons with matter第42-45页
        3.2.1 Detecting photons第42-44页
        3.2.2 Detecting neutrons第44-45页
    3.3 Ionizations in gas第45-49页
    3.4 Electron and ion transportation第49-59页
        3.4.1 Drift of electrons in gas第50-57页
        3.4.2 Drift of ions in gas第57-59页
    3.5 Avalanche第59-66页
        3.5.1 Electron multiplication under electric field第59-62页
        3.5.2 Statistical fluctuations of avalanches第62-66页
    3.6 Signal induction第66-73页
        3.6.1 Induced signals from parallel plate structure detectors第66-68页
        3.6.2 Induced signals from cylinder shape counters第68-70页
        3.6.3 Signal induced on multiple electrodes第70-73页
4 Thermo-bonded Micromegas第73-153页
    4.1 Overview第73-76页
    4.2 Fabrication of Micromegas with thermo-bonded spacers第76-93页
        4.2.1 Micro-meshes and Thermo-bond films第77-80页
        4.2.2 Materials qualifications and fabrication procedures第80-89页
        4.2.3 Thermal bonding with different tools第89-93页
    4.3 Measurement of basic performance parameters第93-110页
        4.3.1 Experimental setup第94-97页
        4.3.2 Electron transparency第97-100页
        4.3.3 Gas Gain and Energy Resolution第100-103页
        4.3.4 Uniformity第103-110页
    4.4 Simulation studies第110-124页
        4.4.1 Penning effect第111-115页
        4.4.2 Electron transparency第115-121页
        4.4.3 Gain variation第121-124页
    4.5 Micromegas with high resistivity anode第124-138页
        4.5.1 Introduction and motivations第124-127页
        4.5.2 Resistive materials,prototypes and experimental setup第127-130页
        4.5.3 Basic performances第130-134页
        4.5.4 Rate capabilities第134-135页
        4.5.5 Spark probability and tolerance第135-138页
    4.6 Parallel ionization multiplier(PIM)第138-148页
        4.6.1 Calculation and simulation of fast signal component第139-142页
        4.6.2 Electron transmission optimization第142-145页
        4.6.3 Prototype fabrication and preliminary tests第145-148页
    4.7 Summary第148-153页
5 Thin-gap Resistive Plate Chambers第153-217页
    5.1 Introduction第153-158页
    5.2 Thin-gap RPC for fast precision muon triggering第158-161页
    5.3 Beam test using MDT readout system第161-185页
        5.3.1 Beam test setup第161-164页
        5.3.2 MDT readout front-end electronics第164-169页
        5.3.3 Results第169-185页
    5.4 Beam test using NINO based readout system第185-210页
        5.4.1 Beam test setup第186-189页
        5.4.2 NINO ASIC based readout system第189-197页
        5.4.3 Results第197-210页
    5.5 Rate capability measurements第210-215页
        5.5.1 Introduction第210-212页
        5.5.2 Setup and results第212-215页
    5.6 Summary第215-217页
6 Small-strip Thin Gap Chamber第217-253页
    6.1 Introduction第217-220页
    6.2 Electric field simulation第220-222页
    6.3 Ionization and electron transportation第222-227页
        6.3.1 Electron-gas molecular interaction and ionization第222-224页
        6.3.2 Electron transportation第224-227页
    6.4 Charge production第227-234页
        6.4.1 The electron avalanche and its fluctuation第227-229页
        6.4.2 Induced charge component and charge collection第229-232页
        6.4.3 Gas gain第232-234页
    6.5 Timing performance第234-240页
        6.5.1 Earliest cluster arrival time第236-238页
        6.5.2 Single layer time spectrum第238-240页
    6.6 Strip charge sharing第240-250页
        6.6.1 Raw charge spread on cathode第241-245页
        6.6.2 Charge dispersion第245-248页
        6.6.3 PSpice simulation第248-250页
    6.7 Summary第250-253页
7 Summary and outlook第253-257页
Bibliography第257-279页
Appendix A List of Publications第279-280页

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