| Acknowledgements | 第1-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-9页 |
| 摘要 | 第9-12页 |
| List of figures | 第12-13页 |
| List of tables | 第13-16页 |
| List of abbreviations | 第16-24页 |
| CHPATER ONE: INTRODUCTION | 第24-44页 |
| ·Setting the scene | 第24-32页 |
| ·New developments in language testing research | 第25-27页 |
| ·Ethics and professionalism in language testing | 第27-28页 |
| ·The development of EFL tests in China | 第28-30页 |
| ·EFL tests in China: What’s special? | 第30-32页 |
| ·Aims of this study | 第32-44页 |
| ·Rationales for this study | 第33-35页 |
| ·Definition of key terms | 第35-38页 |
| ·Test | 第35-36页 |
| ·Test development, administration and use | 第36-37页 |
| ·Code of practice | 第37-38页 |
| ·Data-based approach | 第38页 |
| ·Research questions | 第38-40页 |
| ·Stages of this study | 第40-43页 |
| ·Significance of this study | 第43-44页 |
| CHAPTER TWO A REVIEW OF LANGUAGE TESTING STANDARDS | 第44-102页 |
| ·Criteria for standards selection | 第45-50页 |
| ·Time of endorsement | 第46-47页 |
| ·Relevance | 第47-49页 |
| ·Impact | 第49-50页 |
| ·Selection of the standards | 第50-55页 |
| ·The initiative taken by the ILTA TFTS | 第50-52页 |
| ·Standards collection and selection | 第52-55页 |
| ·Standards review: a general introduction | 第55-58页 |
| ·Standards review: a detailed introduction | 第58-90页 |
| ·The ILTA Code of Ethics | 第59-63页 |
| ·Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing | 第63-70页 |
| ·ETS Standards for Quality and Fairness | 第70-75页 |
| ·The ALTE Code of Practice | 第75-79页 |
| ·EALTA Guidelines for Good Practice in Language Testing and Assessment | 第79-84页 |
| ·The JLTA Code of Good Testing Practice | 第84-87页 |
| ·Code of Fair Testing Practice in Education | 第87-90页 |
| ·A summary of the review: generating a preliminary model of developing standards in language testing | 第90-102页 |
| ·Taking stock of standards in existence | 第91-94页 |
| ·Planning phase | 第94-96页 |
| ·Design phase | 第96-98页 |
| ·Operational phase | 第98-99页 |
| ·Standards evaluation and revision | 第99-102页 |
| CHAPTER THREE A SURVEY OF EFL TESTING IN CHINA: VOICES FROM THE EXAMINATION BOARDS | 第102-172页 |
| ·Research design | 第103-107页 |
| ·The participating examination boards | 第107-109页 |
| ·Instruments | 第109-116页 |
| ·Analysis checklists | 第109-110页 |
| ·Interview guidelines | 第110-112页 |
| ·Confidentiality Agreement | 第111-112页 |
| ·Interview Guide | 第112页 |
| ·Questionnaire I | 第112-116页 |
| · | 第116-121页 |
| ·Collecting data for documentary analysis | 第116-117页 |
| ·Collecting data from the examination boards | 第117-121页 |
| ·Interview | 第117-119页 |
| ·Questionnaire I | 第119-121页 |
| ·Data analysis | 第121-165页 |
| ·Documentary analysis | 第121-128页 |
| ·Analysis of data from the examination boards | 第128-165页 |
| ·Analysis of the interview data | 第129-145页 |
| ·Analysis of Questionnaire I data | 第145-165页 |
| ·Chapter summary | 第165-172页 |
| CHAPTER FOUR A SURVEY OF EFL TESTING IN CHINA: VIEWS AND COMMENTS OF STUDENTS AND TEACHERS | 第172-237页 |
| ·Sampling students and teachers | 第173-177页 |
| ·Research instruments: Questionnaire II and III | 第177-181页 |
| ·Structure of Questionnaire II and III | 第178-180页 |
| ·Content and language of Questionnaire II and III | 第180-181页 |
| ·Data collection | 第181-188页 |
| ·Collecting data from students with Questionnaire II | 第182-187页 |
| ·Pilot study | 第182-185页 |
| ·Main study | 第185-187页 |
| ·Collecting data from teachers with Questionnaire III | 第187-188页 |
| ·Data analysis | 第188-228页 |
| ·Analysis of students’data | 第189-210页 |
| ·Analysis of students’bio-data | 第190-192页 |
| ·Data analysis: Part I of Questionnaire II | 第192-204页 |
| ·Data analysis: Part II of Questionnaire II | 第204-206页 |
| ·Data analysis: Part III of Questionnaire II | 第206-210页 |
| ·Analysis of teachers’data | 第210-226页 |
| ·Analysis of teachers’bio-data | 第211-212页 |
| ·Data analysis: Part I of Questionnaire III | 第212-220页 |
| ·Data analysis: Part II of Questionnaire III | 第220-222页 |
| ·Data analysis: Part III of Questionnaire III | 第222-226页 |
| ·Data analysis: comparing students’and teachers’views | 第226-228页 |
| ·Discussion | 第228-234页 |
| ·Chapter summary | 第234-237页 |
| CHAPTER FIVE DRAFTING THE CODE | 第237-274页 |
| ·Some fundamental considerations revisited in developing the Code | 第238-251页 |
| ·Articulating the need for the Code | 第238-244页 |
| ·The purpose and the targeted audiences of the Code | 第244-251页 |
| ·Drafting the Code | 第251-272页 |
| ·Principles in drafting the Code | 第251-253页 |
| ·Determining the structure of the Code | 第253-256页 |
| ·Drafting the guidelines of the Code | 第256-272页 |
| ·Chapter summary | 第272-274页 |
| CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSION | 第274-283页 |
| ·Summary of this study | 第274-278页 |
| ·Implications for language testing theory and practice | 第278-280页 |
| ·The limitations of this study | 第280-281页 |
| ·Future studies: a research agenda | 第281-283页 |
| REFERENCES | 第283-299页 |
| APPENDICES | 第299-392页 |
| Appendix 2.1 URLs of the Organisations in This Study | 第299-300页 |
| Appendix 2.2 Major Standards in Language Testing | 第300-304页 |
| Appendix 3.3.1 Checklist 1: Analysis of the Related Documents from the Examination Boards | 第304-305页 |
| Appendix 3.3.2 Analysis of Test papers –Test Content | 第305-306页 |
| Appendix 3.3.3 Analysis of Test Papers –Test Method | 第306-307页 |
| Appendix 3.3.4 Interview Guide (In Chinese) | 第307-308页 |
| Appendix 3.3.5 Interview Guide (In English) | 第308-309页 |
| Appendix 3.3.6 Confidentiality Agreement (In Chinese) | 第309-310页 |
| Appendix 3.3.7 Confidentiality Agreement (In English) | 第310-311页 |
| Appendix 3.3.8 The Interview Note-Taking Sheet | 第311-312页 |
| Appendix 3.3.9 Questionnaire I (In Chinese) | 第312-321页 |
| Appendix 3.3.10 Questionnaire I (In English) | 第321-329页 |
| Appendix 4.2.1 Student Questionnaire (In Chinese) | 第329-331页 |
| Appendix 4.2.2 Student Questionnaire (In English) | 第331-333页 |
| Appendix 4.2.3 Teacher Questionnaire (In Chinese) | 第333-335页 |
| Appendix 4.2.4 Teacher Questionnaire (In English) | 第335-337页 |
| Appendix 4.2.5 Categories and Statements as Reflected in the Construction of Questionnaire II | 第337-338页 |
| Appendix 4.2.6 Categories and Statements as Reflected in the Construction of Questionnaire III | 第338-339页 |
| Appendix 4.4.1 Item-total Correlation of Questionnaire II | 第339-340页 |
| Appendix 4.4.2 Item-total Correlation of Questionnaire II at the Section Level | 第340-341页 |
| Appendix 4.4.3 Coding and Categorising Students’Responses to the Open-ended Questions | 第341-343页 |
| Appendix 4.4.4 Item-total Correlation of Questionnaire III | 第343-344页 |
| Appendix 4.4.5 Item-total Correlation of Questionnaire III at the Section Level | 第344-345页 |
| Appendix 4.4.6 Coding and Categorising Teachers’Responses to the Open-ended Questions | 第345-346页 |
| Appendix 4.4.7 Recoding Students’and Teacher’s Questionnaire Data for Comparative Analysis | 第346-347页 |
| Appendix 4.4.8 A Comparison of Descriptive Statistics of Students’ and Teachers’Questionnaire Data at the Section Level | 第347-348页 |
| Appendix 4.4.9 Independent Samples T-tests of Students’ and Teachers’ Questionnaire Data at the Section Level | 第348-349页 |
| Appendix 4.4.10 A Comparison of Descriptive Statistics of Students’ and Teachers’ Questionnaire Data at the Item Level | 第349-351页 |
| Appendix 4.4.11 Independent Samples T-tests of Students’ and Teachers’ Questionnaire Data at the Item Level | 第351-354页 |
| Appendix 5.1 The Draft Code of Good Testing Practice for EFL Tests in China (In English) | 第354-375页 |
| Appendix 5.2 The Draft Code of Good Testing Practice for EFL Tests in China (In Chinese) | 第375-392页 |
| Publications and Presentations during Ph.D. Study | 第392-394页 |
