| Abstract | 第4-5页 |
| 摘要 | 第6-7页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第7-12页 |
| Chapter One: Introduction | 第12-22页 |
| 1.1 Nonverbal Language in Communication | 第12-17页 |
| 1.1.1 Pragmatic Functions of Nonverbal Language in Communication | 第13-15页 |
| 1.1.2 Importance of Nonverbal Language in Communication | 第15-17页 |
| 1.2 Purpose of This Thesis | 第17-20页 |
| 1.3 Layout of This Thesis | 第20-22页 |
| Chapter Two: Literature Review | 第22-31页 |
| 2.1 The Historical Perspective of Nonverbal Communication | 第22-24页 |
| 2.2 Theoretical Origin of Nonverbal Language | 第24-30页 |
| 2.2.1 Jenny. Thomas' Definition of Pragmatic Failure | 第26-28页 |
| 2.2.2 Limitations of Thomas' Definition | 第28-29页 |
| 2.2.3 Re-defining Intercultural Pragmatic Failure | 第29-30页 |
| 2.3 Bi Jiwan's Intercultural Nonverbal Communication | 第30-31页 |
| Chapter Three: Forms of Nonverbal Pragmatic Failures | 第31-48页 |
| 3.1 Introduction of Nonverbal Pragmatic Failure | 第31-32页 |
| 3.2 Pragmatic Failure of Body Language | 第32-36页 |
| 3.2.1 Definition of Body Language | 第32-33页 |
| 3.2.2 Pragmatic Failure of Body Language | 第33-36页 |
| 3.3 Pragmatic Failure of Paralanguage | 第36-39页 |
| 3.3.1 Definition of Paralanguage | 第36-38页 |
| 3.3.2 Pragmatic Failure of Paralanguage | 第38-39页 |
| 3.4 Pragmatic Failure of Object Language | 第39-43页 |
| 3.4.1 Definition of Object Language | 第39-40页 |
| 3.4.2 Forms of Pragmatic Failure of Object Language | 第40-43页 |
| 3.5 Pragmatic Failure of Environmental Language | 第43-48页 |
| 3.5.1 Definition of Environmental Language | 第43-45页 |
| 3.5.2 Forms of Pragmatic Failure of Environmental Language | 第45-48页 |
| Chapter Four: Causes of Nonverbal Pragmatic Failure | 第48-68页 |
| 4.1 Culture & the Differences Between Cultures—from the Objective Perspective | 第48-62页 |
| 4.1.1 Definition of Culture | 第48-50页 |
| 4.1.2 Culture & Communication | 第50-52页 |
| 4.1.3 Cultural Features of Nonverbal Language | 第52-54页 |
| 4.1.4 Culture's Impact on Nonverbal Communication | 第54-62页 |
| 4.1.4.1 Culture's Nonverbal Message Systems | 第54-58页 |
| 4.1.4.2 Culture May Bring Improper Cultural Attitudes | 第58-62页 |
| 4.2 Communicators in the Cross-cultural Communication —from the Subjective Perspective | 第62-68页 |
| 4.2.1 Seeking Similarities | 第62-63页 |
| 4.2.2 Uncertainty Reduction | 第63-64页 |
| 4.2.3 Stereotyping and Prejudice | 第64-66页 |
| 4.2.3.1 Stereotyping | 第64-65页 |
| 4.2.3.2 Prejudice | 第65-66页 |
| 4.2.4 Ethnocentrism | 第66-68页 |
| Chapter Five: Strategies to Deal with Nonverbal Pragmatic Failures | 第68-81页 |
| 5.1 Strategies Related Closely to Culture—from the Macroscopic Angle | 第68-72页 |
| 5.1.1 Awareness of Cultures' Differences | 第68-69页 |
| 5.1.2 Awareness of Cultures' Equality | 第69-70页 |
| 5.1.3 Avoiding Inappropriate Cultural Attitudes | 第70-71页 |
| 5.1.4 Viewing Cultural Norms Dynamically | 第71-72页 |
| 5.2 Strategies Related to the Communicators in the Cross-cultural Communication—from the Microscopic Angle | 第72-81页 |
| 5.2.1 Knowing ourselves | 第72-73页 |
| 5.2.2 Considering the Physical and Human Settings | 第73-75页 |
| 5.2.3 Knowing Diverse Nonverbal Message Systems | 第75-76页 |
| 5.2.4 Developing Empathy | 第76-78页 |
| 5.2.5 Encouraging Feedback | 第78-79页 |
| 5.2.6 Developing Communication Flexibility | 第79-81页 |
| Chapter Six: Conclusion and Revelations of the Thesis | 第81-86页 |
| 6.1 Conclusion | 第81-83页 |
| 6.2 Revelations on Future Language Teaching and Learning | 第83-84页 |
| 6.3 Revelations on Future Concerned Research | 第84-86页 |
| Works Cited | 第86-87页 |
