| DEDICATION | 第4-5页 |
| 中文摘要 | 第5-6页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第6页 |
| LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS | 第10-11页 |
| 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION | 第11-17页 |
| 1.1 INTRODUCTION | 第11页 |
| 1.2 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY | 第11-12页 |
| 1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM | 第12页 |
| 1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY | 第12-13页 |
| 1.5 STUDY QUESTIONS | 第13页 |
| 1.6 THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY | 第13页 |
| 1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY | 第13页 |
| 1.8 STUDY METHODOLOGY | 第13-17页 |
| 1.8.1 Data collection method | 第13-14页 |
| 1.8.2 Documentary review | 第14页 |
| 1.8.3 Field Interviews | 第14-15页 |
| 1.8.4 Sampling for interview purpose | 第15页 |
| 1.8.5 Participation and Observation | 第15-16页 |
| 1.8.6 Studying specific cases | 第16页 |
| 1.8.7 Scope and Delimitation of the Study | 第16页 |
| 1.8.8 Challenges and limitations encountered in the course of doing the Study | 第16-17页 |
| 2 MINING IN PRE-COLONIAL ERA, COLONIAL ERA ANDPOST-COLONIA ERA | 第17-33页 |
| 2.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION | 第17页 |
| 2.2 MINING IN PRE-COLONIAL TANGANYIKA, GERMANY COLONIALTANGANYIKA AND BRITISH COLONIAL TANGANYIKA | 第17-20页 |
| 2.3 MINING FROM 1961 TO 1979, FROM 1979 TO 1998 AND FROM 1998 TO PRESENT | 第20-29页 |
| 2.4 GOVERNANCE IN TANZANIA’S MINING INDUSTRY | 第29-33页 |
| 2.4.1 Regulatory Framework for the Mining Sector | 第30页 |
| 2.4.2 Settlement of Disputes through Compensation | 第30-31页 |
| 2.4.3 Conflicts between rights holders | 第31页 |
| 2.4.4 The grant of Mining Licenses | 第31-33页 |
| 3 MINING CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS IN TANZANIA | 第33-43页 |
| 3.1 DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS MEANING; | 第33-34页 |
| 3.2. WHAT COMPANIES GET AS FAR AS DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS ARECONCERNED | 第34-38页 |
| 3.2.1 Mineral rights, Labor rights and Financial Management right | 第34-36页 |
| 3.2.2 Land, forestry and water rights, Assignment right and Machinery rights | 第36-38页 |
| 3.3 WHAT THE GOVERNMENT OF TANZANIA GET | 第38-43页 |
| 3.3.1 Taxes | 第38-40页 |
| 3.3.2 Termination rights | 第40-41页 |
| 3.3.3 Rights of information | 第41-43页 |
| 4 SMALL SCALE MINING/MINERS | 第43-63页 |
| 4.1 INTRODUCTION | 第43-44页 |
| 4.2 CHALLENGES FACING SMALL SCALE MINING | 第44-49页 |
| 4.2.1 Legislation and policies implementation | 第45-46页 |
| 4.2.2 Poor technologies | 第46页 |
| 4.2.3 Lack of Education and skills on the mining sectors | 第46-49页 |
| 4.2.4 Uncontrolled migration | 第49页 |
| 4.3 THE PERMANENT SOVEREIGNTY OVER NATURAL RESOURCES | 第49-58页 |
| 4.3.1 The Sovereign Right to Freely Dispose, Use and Exploit Natural Resources | 第55-56页 |
| 4.3.2 The Right to Freely Regulate Foreign Investments | 第56-57页 |
| 4.3.3 The Duties of Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources | 第57页 |
| 4.3.4 The Duty of a State to Exercise Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources in theInterest of National Development and the Well-being of the People | 第57页 |
| 4.3.5 The Duty to Respect Environmental Norms | 第57-58页 |
| 4.4 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT | 第58-60页 |
| 4.4.1 The Principle of Common but Different Responsibilities | 第59页 |
| 4.4.2 The Principle of Inter- and Intergenerational Equity | 第59页 |
| 4.4.3 The Principle of Sustainable Use | 第59页 |
| 4.4.4 The Precautionary Principle | 第59-60页 |
| 4.4.5 The Principle of Equitable Utilization | 第60页 |
| 4.5 INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND THE PRINCIPLE OF PERMANENT SOVEREIGNTYOVER NATURAL RESOURCES | 第60-63页 |
| 4.5.1 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples | 第60-61页 |
| 4.5.2 The Principle of Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources and Indigenous Peoples | 第61-62页 |
| 4.5.3 Indigenous Peoples as Subjects to the Principle of Permanent Sovereignty over NaturalResources | 第62-63页 |
| 5 FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONS | 第63-77页 |
| 5.1 FINDINGS | 第63-74页 |
| 5.1.1 Mining in pre-colonial Tanzania, colonial Tanzania and post-colonial Tanzania | 第63-66页 |
| 5.1.2 Governance, Regulatory framework and Settlement of disputes through compensation inTanzania‘s Mining Industry | 第66-67页 |
| 5.1.3 Conflicts between rights holders, Mining Contracts and agreements, and, Small scalemining in Tanzania | 第67-72页 |
| 5.1.4 The permanent sovereignty over natural resources, Sustainable development andIndigenous people and the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources | 第72-74页 |
| 5.2 CONCLUSION | 第74-75页 |
| 5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS | 第75-77页 |
| 5.3.1 to the Government of Tanzania | 第75页 |
| 5.3.2 to the people of Tanzania | 第75-76页 |
| 5.3.3 to foreign investors | 第76-77页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 第77-79页 |
| REFERENCE | 第79-85页 |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY | 第85-88页 |
