| 摘要 | 第6-7页 |
| abstract | 第7-8页 |
| CHAPTER I - Introduction | 第14-31页 |
| 1.1 Environmental stresses | 第15-16页 |
| 1.1.1 Water stress | 第15页 |
| 1.1.2 Heat stress | 第15页 |
| 1.1.3 Other abiotic stresses | 第15-16页 |
| 1.2 Abscisic acid | 第16-17页 |
| 1.3 Protein kinases in abiotic stress signaling | 第17-19页 |
| 1.3.1 Calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPK) | 第17页 |
| 1.3.2 Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) | 第17-18页 |
| 1.3.3 Sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase | 第18-19页 |
| 1.4 Rice Os SAPK | 第19-20页 |
| 1.5 DNA markers and their application in wheat breeding | 第20-22页 |
| 1.6 Marker assisted evaluation of germplasm resources for plant breeding | 第22-24页 |
| 1.6.1 Linkage and association analysis | 第23页 |
| 1.6.2 Populations for association analysis | 第23-24页 |
| 1.7 Cross genome marker studies | 第24-25页 |
| 1.8 Functional markers | 第25-29页 |
| 1.8.1 Functional marker development to isolate candidate gene from wheat genome | 第25-26页 |
| 1.8.2 Grain trait related genes and their FMs | 第26-29页 |
| 1.9 The purpose of the present study | 第29-31页 |
| CHAPTER II - Gene expression profiling and transgenic rice characterization | 第31-52页 |
| 2.1 Materials and methods | 第32-37页 |
| 2.1.1 Cloning Ta Sn RK2.9 and sequence analysis | 第32-33页 |
| 2.1.2 Relative expression studies | 第33-34页 |
| 2.1.3 Application of different stresses and stage specific sample collection | 第34页 |
| 2.1.4 RNA extraction protocol | 第34-35页 |
| 2.1.5 c DNA synthesis | 第35页 |
| 2.1.6 Quantitative real time PCR protocol | 第35-36页 |
| 2.1.7 Plant materials and growth conditions | 第36页 |
| 2.1.8 Drought tolerance assay | 第36-37页 |
| 2.1.9 Cell membrane stability | 第37页 |
| 2.2 Results | 第37-49页 |
| 2.2.1 Molecular characterization of Ta Sn RK2.9 | 第37-41页 |
| 2.2.2 Dynamic expression of Ta Sn RK2.9-5A and Ta Sn RK2.9-5B | 第41-45页 |
| 2.2.3 Morphological characteristics of Ta Sn RK2.9 in transgenic rice | 第45-48页 |
| 2.2.4 Physiological traits of transgenic and WT rice | 第48-49页 |
| 2.3 Discussion | 第49-52页 |
| 2.3.1 Ta Sn RK2.9 contains the typical characteristics of Sn RK2 subfamily | 第50页 |
| 2.3.2 Ta Sn RK2.9 assists in increasing root numbers and grain number | 第50-51页 |
| 2.3.3 Physiological changes in transgenic Ta Sn RK2.9 plants under drought conditions | 第51-52页 |
| CHAPTER III - Ta Sn RK2.9-5A is associated with grain related traits in common wheat | 第52-77页 |
| 3.1 Materials and methods | 第53-62页 |
| 3.1.1. Leaf DNA extraction protocol | 第53-54页 |
| 3.1.2. PCR product purification protocol | 第54-55页 |
| 3.1.3 DNA ligation | 第55页 |
| 3.1.4 Transformation | 第55-56页 |
| 3.1.5 Analyzing positive clones | 第56页 |
| 3.1.6 Analyzing positive clones by restriction digestion | 第56页 |
| 3.1.7 Plasmid extraction protocol | 第56-57页 |
| 3.1.8 Sanger sequencing | 第57-58页 |
| 3.1.9 Marker designing | 第58-59页 |
| 3.1.10 Plant materials and phenotyping | 第59-60页 |
| 3.1.11 Chromosomal location | 第60页 |
| 3.1.12 Isolation and sequencing of Ta Sn RK2.9 | 第60页 |
| 3.1.13 Functional marker development | 第60-61页 |
| 3.1.14 Association analysis | 第61-62页 |
| 3.2 Results | 第62-70页 |
| 3.2.1 Genetic characterization of Ta Sn RK2.9 | 第62页 |
| 3.2.2 Sequence polymorphism assays and marker development | 第62-64页 |
| 3.2.3 Association analysis of Ta Sn RK2.9-5A haplotypes and agronomic traits | 第64-65页 |
| 3.2.4 Geographic distribution of Ta Sn RK2.9-5A haplotypes in China, Pakistan and Europe . | 第65-69页 |
| 3.2.5 Selection of Ta Sn RK2.9-5A haplotypes in China, Pakistan and European wheat breeding process | 第69-70页 |
| 3.3 Discussion | 第70-77页 |
| 3.3.1 Marker assisted evaluation of germplasm resources for crop breeding | 第71页 |
| 3.3.2 Ta Sn RK2.9-5A sequence polymorphism and chromosomal location | 第71-72页 |
| 3.3.3 Functional marker development and genotyping in wheat; a polyploid crop | 第72-74页 |
| 3.3.4 Ta Sn RK2.9 possess typical features of Sn RK2 subfamily | 第74页 |
| 3.3.5 Importance and association of TKW and GPS with Ta Sn RK2.9-5A haplotypes | 第74-77页 |
| CONCLUSION | 第77-78页 |
| REFERENCES | 第78-93页 |
| 附件 | 第93-105页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 第105-106页 |
| CURRICULUM VITAE | 第106页 |
