| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第6-7页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第7-9页 |
| 摘要 | 第10-17页 |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | 第17-18页 |
| CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION | 第18-23页 |
| 1.1 A Brief Description of the Study | 第18-20页 |
| 1.2 Background of the Study | 第20-22页 |
| 1.3 Organization of the Thesis | 第22-23页 |
| CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW | 第23-44页 |
| 2.1 Definitions of CSs | 第23-27页 |
| 2.1.1 Interactional Approach to Defining CSs | 第23-25页 |
| 2.1.2 Psycholinguistic Approach to Defining CSs | 第25-26页 |
| 2.1.3 The Working Definition of CSs in This Study | 第26-27页 |
| 2.2 Classifications of CSs | 第27-32页 |
| 2.3 A Tentative Classification of CSs in This Study | 第32-34页 |
| 2.4 A Debate on Teachability of CSs | 第34-35页 |
| 2.5 CS Studies Abroad and at Home | 第35-44页 |
| 2.5.1 Relevant CS Studies Abroad | 第35-40页 |
| 2.5.1.1 Studies on CS Teaching and Training | 第35-37页 |
| 2.5.1.2 Studies on Factors Affecting the CS Use | 第37-40页 |
| 2.5.2 Relevant CS Studies at Home | 第40-42页 |
| 2.5.2.1 Studies on CS Teaching and Training | 第40-41页 |
| 2.5.2.2 Studies on Factors Affecting the CS use | 第41-42页 |
| 2.5.3 Gaps in the Existing Literature | 第42-44页 |
| CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY | 第44-59页 |
| 3.1 Research Questions | 第44页 |
| 3.2 Subjects | 第44-46页 |
| 3.3 Instruments | 第46-49页 |
| 3.3.1 Questionnaire | 第46-47页 |
| 3.3.2 Oral Tests | 第47-48页 |
| 3.3.3 Semi-Structured Interview | 第48-49页 |
| 3.3.4 Final Exam | 第49页 |
| 3.4 Research Procedures and Data Collection | 第49-57页 |
| 3.4.1 Pretests | 第50-51页 |
| 3.4.1.1 Administering of the Questionnaire | 第50页 |
| 3.4.1.2 Pre-oral test | 第50-51页 |
| 3.4.2 CS Training Procedure | 第51-55页 |
| 3.4.3 Posttests | 第55-56页 |
| 3.4.4 Delayed Posttest | 第56-57页 |
| 3.5 Data Analysis | 第57-59页 |
| CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS | 第59-88页 |
| 4.1 Present Situation of the Independent College Learners' CS Use | 第59-64页 |
| 4.2 Effects of CS Training | 第64-75页 |
| 4.2.1 Effects of CS Training on Learners' Oral Performance | 第64-69页 |
| 4.2.2 Effects of CS Training on Learners' CS Use | 第69-74页 |
| 4.2.3 Correlation between Learners' Oral Performance and Their CS Use | 第74-75页 |
| 4.3 Differences between the Immediate Effects and the Delayed Effects of CSTraining | 第75-81页 |
| 4.3.1 Differences between the Immediate Effects and the Delayed Effectsof CS Training on Learners' Oral Performance | 第76-77页 |
| 4.3.2 Differences between the Immediate Effects and the Delayed Effectsof CS Training on Learners' CS Use | 第77-81页 |
| 4.4 Learners' Attitudes toward the CS Training | 第81-83页 |
| 4.5 Factors Affecting Learners' CS Use | 第83-88页 |
| CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS | 第88-91页 |
| 5.1 Major Findings | 第88-89页 |
| 5.2 Pedagogical Implications | 第89-90页 |
| 5.3 Limitations and Suggestions | 第90-91页 |
| REFERENCES | 第91-96页 |
| APPENDICES | 第96-112页 |
| Appendix I Representative classifications of CSs | 第96-98页 |
| Appendix II Questionnaire | 第98-104页 |
| Appendix III Pre-oral test | 第104-105页 |
| Appendix IV Post oral test | 第105-106页 |
| Appendix V Delayed post oral test | 第106-107页 |
| Appendix VI Speaking Assessment Form | 第107-109页 |
| Appendix VII Lesson 9 Practice of CS use | 第109-112页 |
