| Acknowledgements | 第7-8页 |
| Abstract | 第8-12页 |
| 摘要 | 第13-22页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第22-27页 |
| 1.1 Background of the Study | 第22-24页 |
| 1.2 Purpose of the Study | 第24页 |
| 1.3 Significance of the Study | 第24-26页 |
| 1.4 Organization of the Study | 第26-27页 |
| Chapter Two Theoretical Background | 第27-41页 |
| 2.1 Speech Act Theory | 第27-31页 |
| 2.1.1 Austin’s Speech Act Theory | 第27-28页 |
| 2.1.2 Searle’s Speech Act Theory | 第28-30页 |
| 2.1.3 Bach and Harnish’s Speech Act Theory | 第30-31页 |
| 2.2 Politeness Theory | 第31-36页 |
| 2.2.1 Leech’s Politeness Principle | 第31-33页 |
| 2.2.2 Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Theory | 第33-35页 |
| 2.2.3 Gu’s Politeness Principle | 第35-36页 |
| 2.3 Refusal Speech Act | 第36-38页 |
| 2.3.1 Definition of Refusal | 第36-37页 |
| 2.3.2 Categorization of Refusal Strategies | 第37-38页 |
| 2.4 Gender and Language Use | 第38-41页 |
| 2.4.1 The Dominance Approach | 第38-39页 |
| 2.4.2 The Subculture Approach | 第39-40页 |
| 2.4.3 The Social Constructionist Approach | 第40-41页 |
| Chapter Three Literature Review | 第41-54页 |
| 3.1 Studies on Refusal Speech Act | 第41-47页 |
| 3.1.1 Studies on Refusal Abroad | 第41-44页 |
| 3.1.2 Studies on Refusal at Home | 第44-47页 |
| 3.2 Studies on Dongxiang Minority Language and Lanzhou Dialect | 第47-49页 |
| 3.2.1 Studies on Dongxiang Minority Language | 第47-48页 |
| 3.2.2 Studies on Lanzhou Dialect | 第48-49页 |
| 3.3 The Cross-cultural Speech Act Realization Project (CCSARP) | 第49-51页 |
| 3.4 Pragmatic Studies of Dongxiang Minority Language | 第51-54页 |
| Chapter Four Method | 第54-69页 |
| 4.1 Research Questions | 第54-55页 |
| 4.2 Participants | 第55-56页 |
| 4.3 Instrument | 第56-57页 |
| 4.4 Design | 第57-62页 |
| 4.4.1 Controlling of Variables | 第58-59页 |
| 4.4.2 Design of Role-play Situations | 第59-60页 |
| 4.4.3 Design of DCT Questionnaire | 第60-62页 |
| 4.5 Role-play | 第62-64页 |
| 4.5.1 Preparation for Role-play | 第62页 |
| 4.5.2 Conducting of Role-play | 第62-63页 |
| 4.5.3 Transcription of Role-play | 第63-64页 |
| 4.6 Pilot Study | 第64-66页 |
| 4.6.1 Preparation for Pilot Study | 第64-65页 |
| 4.6.2 Conducting of Pilot Study | 第65-66页 |
| 4.7 Large-scale Questionnaire Survey | 第66-69页 |
| 4.7.1 Preparation for Large-scale Investigation | 第66页 |
| 4.7.2 Conducting of Large-scale Investigation | 第66-67页 |
| 4.7.3 Data Analysis | 第67-69页 |
| Chapter Five Results | 第69-85页 |
| 5.1 Overall Patterns of DML Speakers’ Choices of Refusal Strategies | 第69-73页 |
| 5.2 Effects of Gender Difference on DML Refusal Strategies | 第73-76页 |
| 5.3 Effects of Social Distance on DML Refusal Strategies | 第76-78页 |
| 5.4. Comparison of Refusal Strategies in DML and LD | 第78-85页 |
| 5.4.1 Overall Patterns of LD Speakers’ Choices of Refusal Strategies | 第78-80页 |
| 5.4.2 Similarities and Differences between Refusal Strategies in DML and LD | 第80-85页 |
| Chapter Six Analyses and Discussion | 第85-99页 |
| 6.1 Discussion of Overall Patterns of DML Refusal Strategies | 第85-88页 |
| 6.2 Discussion of Effects of Gender Difference on DML Refusal Strategies | 第88-90页 |
| 6.3 Discussion of Effects of Social Distance on DML Refusal Strategies | 第90-93页 |
| 6.4 Discussion of Similarities and Differences between DML and LD Refusal Strategies | 第93-99页 |
| 6.4.1 Similarities between DML and LD Refusal Strategies | 第93-94页 |
| 6.4.2 Differences between DML and LD Refusal Strategies | 第94-99页 |
| Chapter Seven Conclusion and Recommendation | 第99-103页 |
| 7.1 Main Findings | 第99-101页 |
| 7.2 Limitations and Recommendations | 第101-103页 |
| References | 第103-113页 |
| Appendices | 第113-119页 |
| Appendix A Questionnaire on Refusal Strategies in DML | 第113-116页 |
| Appendix B Questionnaire on Refusal Strategies in LD | 第116-119页 |
| Publications of the Author | 第119页 |
