| List of Tables | 第1-12页 |
| List of Figures | 第12-15页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第15-17页 |
| 摘要 | 第17-19页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第19-22页 |
| CHAPTER 1 Introduction | 第22-30页 |
| ·Rationale and working hypotheses | 第23-24页 |
| ·Objectives of this study | 第24-27页 |
| ·Experiment 1 | 第24-25页 |
| ·Experiment 2 | 第25页 |
| ·Experiment 3 | 第25页 |
| ·Experiment 4 | 第25-27页 |
| References | 第27-30页 |
| CHAPTER 2 Research Background | 第30-58页 |
| ·Rice Ecosystem | 第30-32页 |
| ·Characteristics of rice paddy soils | 第31-32页 |
| ·Greenhouse gases emission and rice ecosystem | 第32-45页 |
| ·Microbial control of CO_2 emission | 第33-35页 |
| ·Microbial control of N_2O emission | 第35-40页 |
| ·Microbial control of CH_4 emission | 第40-45页 |
| ·Plant Rhizosphere effect on microbial communities dynamics | 第45-46页 |
| References | 第46-58页 |
| CHAPTER 3 Variation of bacterial and fungal community structures in the rhizosphere of hybridand conventional rice cultivars and linkage to CO_2 fiux #37Abstract | 第58-90页 |
| ·Introduction | 第59-61页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第61-67页 |
| ·Site description and experiment layont | 第61页 |
| ·Soil sampling | 第61-62页 |
| ·Physico-chemicals analyses | 第62页 |
| ·Microbial biomass C and N determination | 第62-63页 |
| ·Enzymes (invertase and urease) assay | 第63页 |
| ·DNA extraction and Real-Time PCR assay | 第63-65页 |
| ·PCR-DGGE bacterial and fungal community analyses | 第65页 |
| ·Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses | 第65-66页 |
| ·DGGE profiles analyses | 第66页 |
| ·CO_2 flux measurement | 第66-67页 |
| ·Data processing and statistical analysis | 第67页 |
| ·Results | 第67-76页 |
| ·CO_2 flux dynamics in response to rice cultivars and growth stage | 第67-68页 |
| ·Variation of the activities of invertase and urease between conventional and hybrid cultivars across developmental stages | 第68-69页 |
| ·Dynamics of microbial biomass C, N and Cmic/Nmic in the rhizosphere of conventional and hybrid cultivars | 第69-70页 |
| ·Variation in bacterial and fungal gene abundance | 第70-72页 |
| ·Dynamics of bacterial and fungal community structures | 第72页 |
| ·Phylogenetic analysis | 第72-76页 |
| ·Discussion | 第76-80页 |
| ·Variation of enzyme activities and microbial abundance in response to rice cultivars | 第76-78页 |
| ·Cultivars effect on rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community structure and composition #57 3.4.3.Cultivars effect on CO_2 flux dynamics | 第78-79页 |
| ·Cultivars effect on CO_2 flux dynamics | 第79-80页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第80-81页 |
| References | 第81-90页 |
| CHAPTER 4 Temporal dynamics of ammonia oxidizer (amoA) and denitrifier (nirK) communitiesin the rhizosphere of a rice ecosystem | 第90-114页 |
| Abstract | 第90页 |
| ·Introduction | 第90-92页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第92-96页 |
| ·Site description and experiment layout | 第92-93页 |
| ·Soil sampling | 第93页 |
| ·Physico-chemical analyses | 第93页 |
| ·DNA extraction and Real time PCR assay | 第93-94页 |
| ·PCR-DGGE ammonia oxidizers and denitrifying bacterial community analysis | 第94-95页 |
| ·Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis | 第95页 |
| ·DGGE profile analysis | 第95-96页 |
| ·Data processing and statistical analysis | 第96页 |
| ·Results | 第96-102页 |
| ·Ammonia oxidizers (AOA and AOB) abundance and relative AOA:AOB ratios | 第96页 |
| ·Denitrifying bacterial (nirK) abundance and relative nirK:amoA (AOA+AOB) ratios | 第96-98页 |
| ·Ammonia oxidizer (amoA) and denitrifying bacterial (nirK) communities structures | 第98-102页 |
| ·Phylogenetic analysis | 第102页 |
| ·Discussions | 第102-107页 |
| ·Rhizosphere effect on microbial communities involved in N turnover | 第102-104页 |
| ·Ammonia oxidizers dynamics and relative AOA:AOB ratios in the rice rhizosphere | 第104-106页 |
| ·Denitrifying bacterial community dynamics and relative nirK:amoA(AOA+AOB) ratio in the rice rhizosphere | 第106-107页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第107-108页 |
| References | 第108-114页 |
| CHAPTER 5 Variation of ammonia oxidizer (amoA) and denitrifier (nirk) communities in therhizosphere of hybrid and conventional rice cultivars and linkage to N_2O emission #93Abstract | 第114-138页 |
| ·Introduction | 第115-117页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第117-120页 |
| ·Site description and experiment layout | 第117页 |
| ·Soil sampling | 第117页 |
| ·DNA extraction and Real Time PCR assay | 第117页 |
| ·PCR-DGGE analysis of Ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers | 第117页 |
| ·Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis | 第117-118页 |
| ·DGGE profile analysis | 第118页 |
| ·N_2O flux measurement | 第118-120页 |
| ·Results and Discussions | 第120-131页 |
| ·Ammonia-oxidizer (AOA and AOB) and denitrifier (nirK) communities dynamics in response to rice cultivars | 第120-129页 |
| ·Rice cultivars effect on N_2O emission and linkage with microbial communties dynamics | 第129-131页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第131-132页 |
| References | 第132-138页 |
| CHAPTER 6 Microbial control of CH_4 emission for hybrid and conventional rice cultivars | 第138-164页 |
| Abstract | 第138-139页 |
| ·Introduction | 第139-141页 |
| ·Materials and Methods | 第141-144页 |
| ·Site description and experiment layout | 第141页 |
| ·Soil sampling | 第141页 |
| ·DNA extraction and Real Time PCR assay | 第141-142页 |
| ·PCR-DGGE analysis of Methanogens and Methanotrophs | 第142-143页 |
| ·Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis | 第143页 |
| ·DGGE profile analysis | 第143页 |
| ·CH_4 flux measurement | 第143-144页 |
| ·Data processing and statistical analysis | 第144页 |
| ·Results and Discussions | 第144-155页 |
| ·Variation of methanogens structure and abundance in response to rice cultivars across prevailing soil and plant conditions | 第144-146页 |
| ·Variation of methanotrophs structure and abundance in response to rice cultivars across prevailing plant and soil conditions | 第146-153页 |
| ·CH_4 emission dynamics and linkage to methanogen and methanotrophs gene abundance | 第153-155页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第155-156页 |
| References | 第156-164页 |
| New Knowledge | 第164-166页 |
| Missing Links and Future Research Opportunities | 第166-168页 |
| List of Publications | 第168-170页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第170-171页 |
