| ABSTRACT | 第8-10页 |
| 摘要 | 第11-13页 |
| Chapter 1 Review of literature | 第13-42页 |
| 1.1. Contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metals | 第13-16页 |
| 1.2. Hazdrous effects of heavy metals Effect of heavy metals | 第16-25页 |
| 1.2.1. Effect of heavy metals on human health | 第16-17页 |
| 1.2.2. Effect of heavy metals on soil microbial properties | 第17-21页 |
| 1.2.2.1. Soil microbial biomass and counts | 第18-20页 |
| 1.2.2.2. Soil enzymes activities | 第20-21页 |
| 1.2.3. Effect of heavy metals on plant growth | 第21-25页 |
| 1.3. Remediation methods of heavy metals contaminated soils | 第25-28页 |
| 1.4. Effect of organic amendments on availability and distribution of heavy metals insoils | 第28-31页 |
| 1.5. Soil factors controlling the availability of heavy metals in soils | 第31-32页 |
| 1.6. Binding of heavy metals with soil organic matter fractions | 第32-35页 |
| 1.7. Effect of organic amendments on soil properties | 第35-38页 |
| 1.7.1. Basic soil chemical properties | 第35-37页 |
| 1.7.2. Soil microbial properties | 第37-38页 |
| 1.8. Effect of organic amendments on plant growth and metals accumulation | 第38-41页 |
| 1.9. Research aims | 第41-42页 |
| Chapter 2 Fractionation of Cu and Cd in a contaminated soil amended with organicwastes | 第42-62页 |
| 2.1. Introduction | 第42-43页 |
| 2.2. Materials and Methods | 第43-47页 |
| 2.2.1. Field experiment | 第43-45页 |
| 2.2.2. Soil analysis | 第45-46页 |
| 2.2.3. Organic amendments analysis | 第46-47页 |
| 2.2.4. Sequential extraction of Cu and Cd in the soil | 第47页 |
| 2.2.5. Statistical analysis | 第47页 |
| 2.3. Results | 第47-58页 |
| 2.3.1. Soil chemical properties | 第47-49页 |
| 2.3.2. Fractionation of Cu and Cd in the soil | 第49-56页 |
| 2.3.3. Relationships between soil properties and Cu and Cd fractions | 第56-58页 |
| 2.3.3.1. Before the planting of wheat | 第56-57页 |
| 2.3.3.2. After the harvest of wheat | 第57-58页 |
| 2.4. Discussion | 第58-61页 |
| 2.4.1. Soil chemical properties | 第58页 |
| 2.4.2. Fractionation of Cu and Cd | 第58-61页 |
| 2.5. Conclusions | 第61-62页 |
| Chapter 3 Binding of Cu and Cd by organic matter fractions in a contaminated soilameliorated with organic amendments | 第62-72页 |
| 3.1. Introduction | 第62-63页 |
| 3.2. Materials and Methods | 第63-64页 |
| 3.2.1. Analysis of Cu and Cd bound with POM | 第63页 |
| 3.2.2. Determination of Cu and Cd linked with soil humic substances | 第63-64页 |
| 3.3. Results | 第64-69页 |
| 3.3.1. Influence of organic amendments on Cu and Cd bound by POM | 第64-67页 |
| 3.3.1.1. Before the growing of wheat | 第64-65页 |
| 3.3.1.2. After the harvest of wheat | 第65-67页 |
| 3.3.2. Influence of organic amendments on the fixation of Cu and Cd by humicsubstances | 第67-69页 |
| 3.3.2.1. Before the growing of wheat | 第67页 |
| 3.3.2.2. After the harvest of wheat | 第67-69页 |
| 3.4. Discussion | 第69-71页 |
| 3.4.1. Binding of Cu and Cd with POM fractions | 第69-70页 |
| 3.4.2. Retention of Cu and Cd by humic substances fractions | 第70-71页 |
| 3.5. Conclusions | 第71-72页 |
| Chapter 4 Accumulation and distrbution of Cu and Cd in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) as influenced by organic amendments | 第72-86页 |
| 4.1. Introduction | 第72-73页 |
| 4.2. Materials and Methods | 第73-74页 |
| 4.2.1. Plant analysis | 第73页 |
| 4.2.2. Bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) of Cu and Cd | 第73-74页 |
| 4.3. Results | 第74-81页 |
| 4.3.1. Nutrients, protein contents and yield of wheat | 第74-76页 |
| 4.3.2. Accumulation of Cu and Cd in wheat | 第76-77页 |
| 4.3.3. Bio-concentration and translocation of Cu and Cd | 第77-79页 |
| 4.3.4. Correlations between soil basic properties and the absorption of Cu and Cd bywheat | 第79-80页 |
| 4.3.5. Correlations between Cu and Cd fractions and their absorption by wheat | 第80-81页 |
| 4.4. Discussion | 第81-85页 |
| 4.5. Conclusions | 第85-86页 |
| Chapter 5 Microbial properties after in situ remediation of a heavy metalcontaminated soil | 第86-105页 |
| 5.1. Introduction | 第86-87页 |
| 5.2. Material and Methods | 第87-91页 |
| 5.2.1. Microbial biomass | 第87-88页 |
| 5.2.2. Enzymes activities | 第88-90页 |
| 5.2.2.1. Dehydrogenase | 第89页 |
| 5.2.2.2. Phosphatase | 第89页 |
| 5.2.2.3. Urease | 第89页 |
| 5.2.2.4. Protease | 第89-90页 |
| 5.2.2.5. Invertase | 第90页 |
| 5.2.2.6. Catalase | 第90页 |
| 5.2.3. Total microorganisms | 第90-91页 |
| 5.3. Results | 第91-102页 |
| 5.3.1. Effects of organic amendments on soil microbial biomass | 第91-93页 |
| 5.3.2. Response of soil enzymes activities to organic amendments | 第93-95页 |
| 5.3.3. Effect of organic amendments on total numbers of soil microorganisms | 第95-97页 |
| 5.3.4. Correlations between soil chemical properties and soil microbial properties | 第97-98页 |
| 5.3.5. Relationships between the different fractions of Cu and Cd and soil microbialproperties | 第98-102页 |
| 5.4. Discussion | 第102-104页 |
| 5.5. Conclusions | 第104-105页 |
| Chapter 6 General conclusions | 第105-108页 |
| References | 第108-130页 |
| Acknowledgement | 第130-132页 |
| List of Publications | 第132页 |
