| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第1-6页 |
| 摘要 | 第6-7页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第7-8页 |
| TABLE OF CONTENTS | 第8-12页 |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | 第12-14页 |
| CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION | 第14-23页 |
| ·Overview | 第14-15页 |
| ·Ballast Water and Sediment | 第15-21页 |
| ·Estimating Capacities' of Ballast Water on Vessel | 第15-16页 |
| ·Ballasting and Risk Assessment | 第16-19页 |
| ·Ballast Retention Period on Board Ship | 第19页 |
| ·Marine Invasive Species Carried in Ballast Water | 第19-21页 |
| ·Main Ideas of this Thesis | 第21-23页 |
| CHAPTER 2 BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT | 第23-36页 |
| ·Introduction | 第23-24页 |
| ·Guidelines and Objective Background for Ballast Water Management | 第24-26页 |
| ·Management and Control Requirement for Ships | 第26-28页 |
| ·Ballast Water Management Plan | 第26页 |
| ·Ballast Water Records Book | 第26页 |
| ·Ballast Water Management for Ships | 第26-28页 |
| ·Ballast Water Exchange | 第28-34页 |
| ·Flow-through Method | 第30-31页 |
| ·Sequential Method | 第31-32页 |
| ·Common Ballast Water Overflow System | 第32-33页 |
| ·Measuring Success in Implementing Ballast Water Exchange Procedures | 第33页 |
| ·Summary of Safety Precautions to Consider in Ballast Water Exchange Procedures | 第33-34页 |
| ·Ballast Water Exchange Area | 第34-35页 |
| ·Sediment Management for Ships | 第35-36页 |
| CHAPTER 3 BALLAST WATER TREATMENT | 第36-62页 |
| ·Introduction | 第36-37页 |
| ·Main Potential Treatment Options | 第37-38页 |
| ·Filtration and Separation Systems | 第37页 |
| ·Biocides | 第37页 |
| ·Heat Treatment | 第37页 |
| ·Ultraviolet Radiation | 第37页 |
| ·Magnetic Treatment | 第37-38页 |
| ·Ozone | 第38页 |
| ·Pulse Plasma | 第38页 |
| ·Deoxygenation | 第38页 |
| ·Ballast Tank Coating | 第38页 |
| ·Assessment of Technologies | 第38-39页 |
| ·Safe | 第38页 |
| ·Cost Effective | 第38-39页 |
| ·Technically Practical | 第39页 |
| ·Biologically Effective | 第39页 |
| ·Environmentally Compatible | 第39页 |
| ·Brief Description of the Technologies Presented | 第39-60页 |
| ·Heat Treatment in Tank | 第39-41页 |
| ·Physical Separation and Disinfection(SEDNA System Including PeraClean) | 第41-42页 |
| ·Electrochemical Disinfection(ECS System) | 第42-44页 |
| ·Filtration and Advanced Oxidation(Alfa Laval BWM System) | 第44-48页 |
| ·Biocides Disinfection(Bal Pure System) | 第48-50页 |
| ·Filtration and UV Irradiation(GloEn-PatrolTM System) | 第50-52页 |
| ·Evaluation of the Treated Ballast Water | 第51页 |
| ·Risk Characterization for GloEn-Patrol~(TM) | 第51-52页 |
| ·Flocculating Agents(Hitachi Ballast Water Purification System) | 第52-55页 |
| ·Application capacity | 第54页 |
| ·Risk Assessment | 第54-55页 |
| ·Ozone Treatment(NKO_3 Ballast Water Treatment System) | 第55-58页 |
| ·Active Substances,Relevant Chemicals and Other Chemicals | 第55-57页 |
| ·Risk Assessment | 第57-58页 |
| ·Electrolytic Process(Hybrid Ballast Water Treatment System) | 第58-60页 |
| ·Active Substances,Relevant Chemicals and Other Chemicals | 第58-60页 |
| ·Risk Assessment | 第60页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第60-62页 |
| CHAPTER 4 UV DISINFECTION IN SHIP BALLAST WATER TREATMENT | 第62-93页 |
| ·Introduction | 第62-63页 |
| ·UV Radiation Disinfection | 第63-66页 |
| ·Selection and Installation of a UV Disinfection System | 第66-68页 |
| ·Technical Feasibility | 第66-67页 |
| ·Disinfection Performance | 第66页 |
| ·Plant Hydraulic | 第66-67页 |
| ·Structural Modifications | 第67页 |
| ·Electrical Requirements | 第67页 |
| ·Design Criteria | 第67-68页 |
| ·Equipment Selection | 第68页 |
| ·UV Disinfection System Description | 第68-73页 |
| ·The Reactor Description | 第68-69页 |
| ·Description of UV Lamp and its Ballast | 第69-71页 |
| ·Pretreatment or Filtration | 第71-72页 |
| ·Demonstration of the UV Disinfection System in Pilot Plant | 第72-73页 |
| ·Methods and Procedure | 第73-74页 |
| ·Conception of UV Intensity,UV Dose and UV Dose Distribution | 第74-76页 |
| ·UV Intensity | 第74-75页 |
| ·UV Dose and Dose Distribution | 第75-76页 |
| ·Calculating UV Dose and Dose Distribution | 第76-92页 |
| ·Dose Distribution for 10 Lamps | 第78-83页 |
| ·Dose Distribution for 3 Lamps | 第83-92页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第92-93页 |
| CHAPTER 5 CFD MODEL FOR UV DISINFECTION | 第93-110页 |
| ·Introduction | 第93-94页 |
| ·Model Simulation | 第94-102页 |
| ·Model Construction | 第94-95页 |
| ·Mesh of the Model | 第95-96页 |
| ·Problem Geometry | 第96-102页 |
| ·Reynolds Average Navier-Stroke's Equation | 第98-99页 |
| ·Standard k-epsilon Model | 第99-102页 |
| ·CFD Model Result | 第102页 |
| ·Flow Model and Prediction | 第102-106页 |
| ·Dose-Response Data Analysis and Flow Relationship | 第106-109页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第109-110页 |
| CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS | 第110-114页 |
| ·Summarized and Conclusions | 第110-111页 |
| ·Discussions on Research | 第111-112页 |
| ·Recommendations | 第112-114页 |
| References | 第114-125页 |
| APPENDICES | 第125-141页 |
| Appendix A Ten of the Most Unwanted Aquatic Bio-invasive Species Causing Major Impact List | 第125-126页 |
| Appendix B Regulations for Ships' Ballast Water Management and Sediment | 第126-127页 |
| Appendix C Flow Chart of Ballast Water Exchange Plan | 第127-128页 |
| Appendix D Total Dose Amount on 256 Particles Table for 10 UV Lamps | 第128-136页 |
| Appendix E Dose Distribution MATLAB Program for Transverse Sectional Surface with 10 UV Lamps | 第136-138页 |
| Appendix F Figure of Dose Distribution for 17m~3/hr Flow Rate | 第138-139页 |
| Appendix G Result Figures by Fluent | 第139-141页 |
| Biography | 第141页 |
