| ABSTRACT | 第1-3页 |
| 摘要 | 第3-6页 |
| List of Tables | 第6-7页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第7-11页 |
| ·Background of the study | 第7-9页 |
| ·Rationale of the current study | 第9-10页 |
| ·Organization of this thesis | 第10-11页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第11-34页 |
| ·Review of research into academic listening | 第11-17页 |
| ·Defining academic listening | 第12-13页 |
| ·Distinct characteristics of academic listening | 第13-15页 |
| ·Factors influencing academic listening comprehension | 第15-17页 |
| ·Previous studies on pragmatic markers | 第17-28页 |
| ·Theoretical studies | 第18-23页 |
| ·Empirical studies | 第23-26页 |
| ·Functions of pragmatic markers highlighted in previous researches | 第26-28页 |
| ·Exploration of the relevance between pragmatic markers and academic listening comprehension | 第28-31页 |
| ·Pragmatic markers enhance basic comprehension | 第28-29页 |
| ·Pragmatic markers enhance pragmatic understanding | 第29-30页 |
| ·Pragmatic markers enhance the connection of information | 第30-31页 |
| ·Research questions and hypotheses | 第31-34页 |
| Chapter Three Theoretical Framework and Methodology | 第34-47页 |
| ·Theoretical framework | 第34-37页 |
| ·Ostensive-inferential communication model | 第34-36页 |
| ·Relevance theory and verbal communication | 第36-37页 |
| ·Research design | 第37-42页 |
| ·Subjects | 第37页 |
| ·Data | 第37-39页 |
| ·Instruments | 第39-42页 |
| ·Research procedure | 第42-44页 |
| ·The pre-test and the questionnaire | 第42-43页 |
| ·The intervention program | 第43页 |
| ·Post-test | 第43页 |
| ·Data analysis of questionnaire items | 第43-44页 |
| ·Data analysis of test results | 第44页 |
| ·Statistical analysis | 第44-47页 |
| ·The f-test and t-test | 第45页 |
| ·Significance testing | 第45页 |
| ·Descriptive analysis | 第45-47页 |
| Chapter Four Results and Discussion | 第47-63页 |
| ·Results | 第47-49页 |
| ·Results from the questionnaires | 第47-49页 |
| ·Results from the pre-and post-tests | 第49页 |
| ·Discussion | 第49-61页 |
| ·The relevance between pragmatic markers and listening comprehension | 第50-52页 |
| ·The relevance between pragmatic markers and basic comprehension questions | 第52-57页 |
| ·The relevance between pragmatic markers and pragmatic understanding questions | 第57-59页 |
| ·The relevance between pragmatic markers and information-connecting questions | 第59-61页 |
| ·Summary | 第61-63页 |
| Chapter Five Conclusion | 第63-68页 |
| ·Findings | 第63-64页 |
| ·Implications to the teaching of listening | 第64-65页 |
| ·Limitation and Further Suggestions | 第65-68页 |
| References | 第68-71页 |
| Appendix | 第71-81页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第81-83页 |
