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Studies on the Citrus Tristeza Virus and Citrus Viroids in Pakistan

Acknowledgement第6-18页
Abstract第18-23页
摘要第24-28页
CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW第28-49页
    1.1. THE ORIGIN CENTER AND SPREAD OF CITRUS第28-29页
    1.2. THE DISTRIBUTION AND PREVIOUS RESEARCHES OF CTV第29-31页
    1.3. THE HOST RANGE OF CTV第31-32页
    1.4. SYMPTOMS INDUCED BY CTV第32-33页
        1.4.1 Quick decline or tristeza disease第32页
        1.4.2 Seedling yellows disease第32-33页
        1.4.3 Stem-pitting disease第33页
    1.5. THE TRANSMISSION APPROACH AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CTV第33-35页
    1.6. CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR CTV第35-37页
    1.7. CTV STRUCTURE, GENOME ORGANIZATION AND EXPRESSION第37-40页
    1.8. DIAGNOSIS OF CTV第40-49页
        1.8.1 Identification by Indicator Plants第41页
        1.8.2 Inclusion Identification by Electron Microscopy第41-42页
        1.8.3 Serological Identification第42-43页
        1.8.4 Polypeptide Mapping Analysis of Capsid Protein第43页
        1.8.5 Western Blot第43-44页
        1.8.6 dsRNA Electrophoresis Analysis第44页
        1.8.7 Northern Blot第44-45页
        1.8.8 RT-PCR Based Assays第45页
        1.8.9 RFLP Analysis第45-46页
        1.8.10 Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) Analysis第46-47页
        1.8.11 Sequence Analysis第47-49页
CHAPTER 2 第49-59页
    2.1 INTRODUCTION第49页
    2.2 MATERIAL AND METHOD第49-53页
        2.2.1 Plant samples第49-50页
        2.2.2 Direct tissue blot immuno assay (DTBIA)第50页
        2.2.3 Nucleic acid extraction methods第50-51页
        2.2.4 Nucleic acid amplification by RT-PCR第51-53页
    2.3 RESULTS第53-57页
        2.3.1 Direct tissue blot immuno-assay第53-54页
        2.3.2 Synthesis of p25 by RT-PCR第54-55页
        2.3.3 Synthesis of cDNA of p18第55-56页
        2.3.4 Synthesis of cDNA of gene p20第56-57页
    2.4. DISCUSION第57-59页
CHAPTER 3 VARIABILITY AND SEQUENCE DIVERSITY OF CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUSISOLATES FROM PAKISTAN第59-87页
    3.1 INTRODUCTION第59-61页
    3.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS第61-64页
        3.2.1 CTV isolates第61页
        3.2.2 cDNA synthesis and PCR amplification of p25, p23,p20 and p18第61页
        3.2.3 Cloning of PCR products第61页
        3.2.4 Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis第61-62页
        3.2.5 Nucleotide sequence accession numbers第62-64页
    3.3 RESULTS第64-84页
        3.3.1 Cloning and sequencing of the CTV isolates第64页
        3.3.2 Sequence identity analysis第64-72页
        3.3.3 Phylogenetic relationships between the isolates第72-78页
        3.3.4 Alignment of deduced amino acid sequences analysis第78-84页
    3.4 DISCUSION第84-87页
CHAPTER 4 CTV ISOLATES GROUP COMPOSITION ANALYSIS第87-93页
    4.1 INTRODUCTION第87页
    4.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS第87-89页
        4.2.1 Nucleic acid extraction第88页
        4.2.2 Nucleic acid amplification by RT-PCR第88页
        4.2.3 RFLP ananlysis of p25第88页
        4.2.4 SSSCP analysis of p25第88-89页
    4.3 RESULTS第89-91页
        4.3.1 Synthesis of p25 by RT-PCR第89页
        4.3.2 RFLP profiles of the CP gene from different CTV isolates第89-90页
        4.3.3 SSCP patterns of p25 of different CTV Isolates第90-91页
    4.4 DISCUSION第91-93页
CHAPTER 5 CHARACTERIZATION OF CTV ISOLATES BY BIOLOGICAL INDEXING第93-107页
    5.1 INTRODUCTION第93-95页
    5.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS第95-96页
        5.2.1 Virus isolates第95页
        5.2.2 Evaluation of tristeza symptomatology第95页
        5.2.3 Biological indexing第95-96页
    5.3 RESULTS第96-106页
        5.3.1 Conformation through DTBIA第96-97页
        5.3.2 Biological indexing第97-106页
    5.4 DISCUSION第106-107页
CHAPTER 6 PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF CITRUS VIROIDS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN第107-114页
    6.1 INTRODUCTION第107-108页
    6.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS第108-114页
        6.2.1 Collection of samples第108页
        6.2.2 Nucleic acid extraction第108页
        6.2.3 Nucleic acid amplification by RT-PCR第108-109页
        6.2.4 Evaluation of symptoms第109页
        6.2.5 Cloning and sequencing第109-114页
CHAPTER 7 MAIN CONCLUSION AND FUTUTRE RESEARCHES第114-119页
    7.1 MAJOR CONCLUSION第114页
        7.1.1 Collection of samples and conformation of CTV第114页
    7.2 GROUP COMPOSITION ANALYSIS第114-115页
        7.2.1 RFLP analysis第114-115页
    7.3 GENETIC SEQUENCE ANALYSIS第115-116页
        7.3.1 Sequence identify analysis第115页
        7.3.2 Phylogenetic analysis第115-116页
        7.3.3 Alignment of deduced amino acid sequences analysis第116页
    7.4 BIOLOGICAL INDEXING第116-117页
    7.5 THE INNOVATION OF THIS STUDY第117页
    7.6 THIS STUDY CONFIRMS第117页
    7.7 RECOMMENDED FURTHER RESEARCH第117-119页
REFERENCES第119-149页
攻读期成果第149-150页
APPENDIX第150-212页

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