| Introduction | 第1-10页 |
| Chapter One A Brief Survey of the Fossilization Study | 第10-16页 |
| ·The history and evolution of the concept of fossilization | 第10-12页 |
| ·Several methodological difficulties raised from the various definitionsof fossilization | 第12-13页 |
| ·Common problems found in the numerous studiesabout fossilization | 第13-16页 |
| ·Assuming, not demonstrating, fossilization | 第13-14页 |
| ·Selecting inappropriate learners for study | 第14页 |
| ·Basing findings on insufficient data | 第14页 |
| ·Using inadequate analyses | 第14-16页 |
| Chapter Two The Definition, Longitudinal studies and Some Representative Explanations of Fossilization | 第16-26页 |
| ·The definition of fossilization | 第16-17页 |
| ·Three longitudinal empirical studies of fossilization | 第17-21页 |
| ·The longitudinal study by Han | 第17-18页 |
| ·The longitudinal study by Lardiere | 第18-19页 |
| ·The longitudinal study by Long | 第19-21页 |
| ·Some researchers’ explanations of fossilization | 第21-26页 |
| Chapter Three The Explanation of Fossilization in the light of Cognitive Science | 第26-38页 |
| ·Language and Cognition | 第26-27页 |
| ·Cognitive constraints on language learning | 第27-30页 |
| ·Cognitive constraints on L1 and L2 learning | 第27-29页 |
| ·Cognitive constraints on language use | 第29-30页 |
| ·Cognitive accounts of SLA | 第30-38页 |
| ·Cognitive accounts of interlanguage theory | 第30-31页 |
| ·Cognitive accounts of fossilization with Anderson’s and Johnson’s skill learning theory | 第31-38页 |
| ·Declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge | 第31-32页 |
| ·Automatization in skill learning | 第32-34页 |
| ·Two pathways to mastery of a foreign language | 第34-38页 |
| Chapter Four Language Functions and Fossilization | 第38-52页 |
| ·Why do people learn English in China? | 第38-39页 |
| ·Some common English teaching methods in China | 第39-41页 |
| ·Common features of fossilization in English learners | 第41-42页 |
| ·Language functions | 第42-52页 |
| ·Functional model of children’s language | 第43-46页 |
| ·Functional basis of language and the social contexts | 第46-50页 |
| ·Social functions of language | 第47-49页 |
| ·Language behavior and social contexts | 第49-50页 |
| ·Language functions and fossilization of English learning in China | 第50-52页 |
| Chapter Five Some Tentative Methods to Reduce Fossilization | 第52-60页 |
| ·Increasing the quality of second language input | 第52-54页 |
| ·Enhancing the motivation | 第54-55页 |
| ·Improving automatization and declarativization by integrating the “four skills” | 第55-58页 |
| ·Context-based Teaching | 第56-57页 |
| ·Theme-based Teaching | 第57-58页 |
| ·Task-based Teaching | 第58页 |
| ·Taking into account factors of context | 第58-60页 |
| Conclusion | 第60-61页 |
| Notes | 第61页 |
| References | 第61-65页 |
| Abstract | 第65-68页 |
| 论文摘要 | 第68-74页 |
