| Acknowledgements | 第3-4页 |
| Abstract | 第4-5页 |
| 摘要 | 第6-8页 |
| Table of Contents | 第8-10页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第10-15页 |
| 1.1 General description of the instructional design | 第10-11页 |
| 1.2 Motivations for the instructional design | 第11-12页 |
| 1.3 Significance of the instructional design | 第12-13页 |
| 1.4 Overall structure of the thesis | 第13-15页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第15-23页 |
| 2.1 Key terms in this instructional design | 第15-17页 |
| 2.1.1 Top-down approach | 第15页 |
| 2.1.2 Instructional design | 第15-17页 |
| 2.2 Theoretical foundations of instructional design | 第17-19页 |
| 2.2.1 System theory | 第17-18页 |
| 2.2.2 Constructivism learning theory | 第18-19页 |
| 2.3 Related studies | 第19-23页 |
| 2.3.1 Related studies on the reading teaching | 第19-21页 |
| 2.3.2 Related studies on top-down approach | 第21-23页 |
| Chapter Three Analysis of Major Elements in the Instructional Design | 第23-29页 |
| 3.1 Analysis of learners | 第23-25页 |
| 3.1.1 Analysis of learners in terms of characteristics | 第23-24页 |
| 3.1.2 Analysis of learners in terms of learning needs | 第24-25页 |
| 3.2 Analysis of teaching content | 第25-26页 |
| 3.2.1 Analysis of teaching content in terms of selection | 第25页 |
| 3.2.2 Analysis of teaching content in terms of focuses | 第25-26页 |
| 3.2.3 Analysis of teaching content in terms of difficulties | 第26页 |
| 3.3 Analysis of teaching objectives | 第26-29页 |
| 3.3.1 Analysis of teaching objectives in terms of language skills | 第26-27页 |
| 3.3.2 Analysis of teaching objectives in terms of language knowledge | 第27页 |
| 3.3.3 Analysis of teaching objectives in terms of affective factors | 第27-29页 |
| Chapter Four Design of Teaching Process | 第29-36页 |
| 4.1 Lead-in with a video clip about natural disasters | 第29-30页 |
| 4.2 Reading with a focus on confirmation of the information about the beginning of the earthquake based on prediction | 第30-31页 |
| 4.2.1 Prediction of the information about the beginning of the earthquake | 第30页 |
| 4.2.2 Reading with a focus on confirmation of the information about the beginning of the earthquake | 第30-31页 |
| 4.3 Reading with a focus on confirmation of the information about the middle of the earthquake based on prediction | 第31-32页 |
| 4.3.1 Prediction of the information about the middle of the earthquake | 第31页 |
| 4.3.2 Reading with a focus on confirmation of the information about the middle of theearthquake | 第31-32页 |
| 4.4 Reading with a focus on confirmation of the information about the end of the earthquakebased on prediction | 第32-35页 |
| 4.4.1 Prediction of the information about the end of the earthquake | 第32-33页 |
| 4.4.2 Reading with a focus on confirmation of the information about the end of theearthquake | 第33-35页 |
| 4.5 Assignment with a focus on consolidation of the text by retelling the text | 第35-36页 |
| Chapter Five:Reflections on the Instructional Design | 第36-40页 |
| 5.1 Reflections on teaching objectives | 第36-38页 |
| 5.1.1 Reflections on teaching objectives in terms of language skills | 第36-37页 |
| 5.1.2 Reflections on teaching objectives in terms of language knowledge | 第37页 |
| 5.1.3 Reflections on teaching objectives in terms of affective factors | 第37-38页 |
| 5.2 Reflections on the teaching process | 第38页 |
| 5.3 Revised instructional design based on the reflections | 第38-40页 |
| References | 第40-43页 |
| Appendix | 第43-49页 |
