| Abstract | 第5-7页 |
| 摘要 | 第8-16页 |
| LList of Abbreviations | 第16-17页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第17-22页 |
| 1.1 Research background | 第17-20页 |
| 1.2 Research purposes | 第20页 |
| 1.3 Outline of the thesis | 第20-22页 |
| Chapter 2 An Overview of Emoticons | 第22-32页 |
| 2.1 Basic introduction to emoticons | 第22-24页 |
| 2.1.1 Definitions of emoticons | 第22-23页 |
| 2.1.2 Development of emoticons | 第23页 |
| 2.1.3 Potential functions of emoticons | 第23-24页 |
| 2.2 Studies on emoticons in different contexts | 第24-28页 |
| 2.2.1 Emoticons used in computer-mediated classes | 第25页 |
| 2.2.2 Emoticons used in workplace | 第25-26页 |
| 2.2.3 Emoticons used in online communities | 第26-28页 |
| 2.3 Studies on influencing factors of emoticons | 第28-30页 |
| 2.3.1 Gender factors | 第28-29页 |
| 2.3.2 Psychological factors | 第29-30页 |
| 2.4 Research gaps and research questions | 第30-32页 |
| 2.4.1 Research gaps | 第30-31页 |
| 2.4.2 Research questions | 第31-32页 |
| Chapter 3 Research Framework | 第32-47页 |
| 3.1 Research setting and participants | 第32-36页 |
| 3.1.1 Research setting | 第32-33页 |
| 3.1.2 Research participants | 第33-36页 |
| 3.2 Theoretical framework | 第36-42页 |
| 3.2.1 The development of Bandura’s socio-cognitive theory | 第36-37页 |
| 3.2.2 Triadic reciprocal causation from Socio-cognitive Theory | 第37-40页 |
| 3.2.3 Comprehensive triadic reciprocal causation | 第40-42页 |
| 3.3 Research data | 第42-43页 |
| 3.3.1 Interactive communication | 第42页 |
| 3.3.2 Data of questionnaire investigation | 第42-43页 |
| 3.4 Procedures for data collection | 第43-45页 |
| 3.4.1 Data collection in chat groups | 第43-44页 |
| 3.4.2 Administering the questionnaire | 第44-45页 |
| 3.5 Steps for data analysis | 第45-47页 |
| 3.5.1 Analysis of screenshot data | 第45-46页 |
| 3.5.2 Analysis of the questionnaire | 第46-47页 |
| Chapter 4 Emoticon Features by Different Age Groups | 第47-81页 |
| 4.1 Distribution features of emoticons | 第47-61页 |
| 4.1.1 Frequency features of emoticons on image feature | 第49-55页 |
| 4.1.2 Frequency features of emoticons on emotional expression | 第55-61页 |
| 4.2 Type features of emoticons by different age groups | 第61-81页 |
| 4.2.1 Emoticons by the teenager group | 第62-66页 |
| 4.2.2 Emoticons by the youth group | 第66-73页 |
| 4.2.3 Emoticons by the middle-aged group | 第73-81页 |
| Chapter 5 Socio-cognitive Causes of Emoticon Usage | 第81-110页 |
| 5.1 Virtual personal causation by different age groups | 第81-92页 |
| 5.1.1 Virtual personal causation by the teenager group | 第82-85页 |
| 5.1.2 Virtual personal causation by the youth group | 第85-89页 |
| 5.1.3 Virtual personal causation by the middle-aged group | 第89-92页 |
| 5.2 Virtual environment causation by different age groups | 第92-100页 |
| 5.2.1 Virtual environment causation by the teenager group | 第93-95页 |
| 5.2.2 Virtual environment causation by the youth group | 第95-98页 |
| 5.2.3 Virtual environment causation by the middle-aged group | 第98-100页 |
| 5.3 Virtual behavior causation by different age groups | 第100-110页 |
| 5.3.1 Virtual behavior causation by the teenager group | 第102-104页 |
| 5.3.2 Virtual behavior causation by the youth group | 第104-107页 |
| 5.3.3 Virtual behavior causation by the middle-aged group | 第107-110页 |
| Chapter 6 Socio-cognitive effects of emoticon features | 第110-130页 |
| 6.1 Socio-cognitive effects on personal causation | 第110-117页 |
| 6.1.1 Effects on values by the teenager group | 第111-113页 |
| 6.1.2 Effects on creativity by the youth group | 第113-114页 |
| 6.1.3 Effects on attitudes towards entertainment by the middle-aged group | 第114-117页 |
| 6.2 Socio-cognitive effects on environmental causation | 第117-120页 |
| 6.2.1 Effects on desalting relationships by the teenager group | 第118页 |
| 6.2.2 Effects on superficial relationships by the youth group | 第118-119页 |
| 6.2.3 Effects on extending relationships by the middle-aged group | 第119-120页 |
| 6.3 Socio-cognitive effect on behavior causation | 第120-130页 |
| 6.3.1 Effects on inheritance of language by the teenager group | 第122-124页 |
| 6.3.2 Effects on creation of language by the youth group | 第124-126页 |
| 6.3.3 Effects on political persuasive discourse by the middle-aged group | 第126-130页 |
| Chapter 7 Conclusion | 第130-134页 |
| 7.1 Major Findings of This Study | 第130-132页 |
| 7.2 Implications of This Study | 第132页 |
| 7.3 Limitations of This Study | 第132-134页 |
| Bibliography | 第134-137页 |
| Appendix Ⅰ: The Questionnaire | 第137-139页 |
| Appendix Ⅱ: Part of Corpus | 第139-147页 |
| 攻读学位期间主要科研成果 | 第147-148页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第148页 |
