| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第5-6页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第6-8页 |
| 摘要 | 第9-11页 |
| TABLE OF CONTENTS | 第11-17页 |
| LIST OF FIGURES | 第17-18页 |
| LIST OF TABLES | 第18-20页 |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | 第20-21页 |
| CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION | 第21-26页 |
| 1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND | 第21-23页 |
| 1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES | 第23-24页 |
| 1.3 THE ORGANIZATION OF THE DISSERTATION | 第24-26页 |
| CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW | 第26-80页 |
| 2.1 DEFINING DISCOURSE MARKER AND PRAGMATIC MARKER | 第26-31页 |
| 2.2 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PRAGMATIC MARKERS | 第31-33页 |
| 2.3 RESEARCH ON PRAGMATIC MARKERS IN CHINA | 第33-36页 |
| 2.4 FORMAL VERSUS FUNCTIONAL APPROACHES TO DISCOURSE | 第36-41页 |
| 2.4.1 Formal approaches to discourse | 第37-38页 |
| 2.4.2 Functional approaches to discourse | 第38-41页 |
| 2.5 SLA THEORIES: A COGNITIVE APPROACH | 第41-47页 |
| 2.5.1 Schmidt’s construct of noticing | 第41-44页 |
| 2.5.2 Formal instruction and the information-processing approach | 第44-45页 |
| 2.5.3 VanPattern and input processing | 第45-47页 |
| 2.6 APPROACHES TO PRAGMATIC MARKERS | 第47-79页 |
| 2.6.1 Coherence-based approach to pragmatic markers | 第47-60页 |
| 2.6.1.1 Pragmatic markers in Schiffrin’s approach | 第49-55页 |
| 2.6.1.2 Pragmatic markers in Redeker’s approach | 第55-58页 |
| 2.6.1.3 Differences between Schffrin’s approach and Redeker ’s approach | 第58-60页 |
| 2.6.2 Relevance-based approach to pragmatic markers | 第60-68页 |
| 2.6.2.1.Sperber and Wilson’s Relevance Theory | 第60-64页 |
| 2.6.2.2 Blakemore’s approach to pragmatic markers | 第64-68页 |
| 2.6.3 Differences between coherence-based approach and relevance-based approach to pragmatic markers | 第68-71页 |
| 2.6.4 González’s approach to pragmatic markers | 第71-74页 |
| 2.6.5 A tentative theoretical framework of pragmatic markers | 第74-79页 |
| 2.6.5.1 The rhetorical structure | 第76-78页 |
| 2.6.5.2 The sequential structure | 第78页 |
| 2.6.5.3 The inferential Structure | 第78-79页 |
| 2.7 SUMMARY | 第79-80页 |
| CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN | 第80-90页 |
| 3.1 INTRODUCTION | 第80页 |
| 3.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | 第80-85页 |
| 3.2.1 Corpus-based approach | 第80-82页 |
| 3.2.2 Contrastive interlanguage analysis | 第82-83页 |
| 3.2.3 Design and method | 第83-85页 |
| 3.3 CORPORA USED IN THE PRESENT STUDY | 第85-86页 |
| 3.4 STATISTICAL AND COMPUTER TOOLS | 第86-90页 |
| 3.4.1 Concordance software | 第86-87页 |
| 3.4.2 Detagging software | 第87页 |
| 3.4.3 Statistical tools | 第87-90页 |
| 3.4.3.1 The Proportion Calculator | 第87页 |
| 3.4.3.2 The Log-likelihood Calculator | 第87-90页 |
| CHAPTER 4 WELL AS A PRAGMATIC MARKER | 第90-114页 |
| 4.1 INTRODUCTION | 第90页 |
| 4.2 PREVIOUS STUDIES ON THE USE OF WELL | 第90-94页 |
| 4.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 第94-112页 |
| 4.3.1 The functional categories of well in this study | 第95-104页 |
| 4.3.1.1 Non-pragmatic use of well | 第95-96页 |
| 4.3.1.1.1 The Adverbial use | 第95页 |
| 4.3.1.1.2 The use of in addition | 第95-96页 |
| 4.3.1.2 Pragmatic functions of well | 第96-104页 |
| 4.3.1.2.1 Well in the rhetorical structure | 第96-100页 |
| 4.3.1.2.2 Well in the sequential structure | 第100-103页 |
| 4.3.1.2.3 Well in the inferential structure | 第103-104页 |
| 4.3.2 Comparative analysis | 第104-112页 |
| 4.3.2.1 The frequency and range of well in BNC and SECCL | 第104-106页 |
| 4.3.2.2 Distribution of individual pragmatic function of well in BNC and SECCL | 第106-109页 |
| 4.3.2.3 Distribution of well in respective pragmatic structure in BNC and SECCL | 第109-110页 |
| 4.3.2.4 Distribution of syntactic positions of well in BNC and SECCL | 第110-112页 |
| 4.5 INTERIM SUMMARY | 第112-114页 |
| CHAPTER 5 I MEAN AS A PRAGMATIC MARKER | 第114-134页 |
| 5.1 INTRODUCTION | 第114页 |
| 5.2 PREVIOUS STUDIES ON THE USE OF I MEAN | 第114-117页 |
| 5.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 第117-132页 |
| 5.3.1 The functional categories of I mean in this study | 第118-124页 |
| 5.3.1.1 Non-pragmatic use of I mean | 第118-119页 |
| 5.3.1.2 Pragmatic functions of I mean | 第119-124页 |
| 5.3.1.2.1 I mean in the rhetorical structure | 第119-124页 |
| 5.3.1.2.2 I mean in the inferential structure | 第124页 |
| 5.3.2 Comparative analysis | 第124-132页 |
| 5.3.2.1 Frequency and range of I mean in BNC and SECCL | 第125-127页 |
| 5.3.2.2 Distribution of individual pragmatic function of I mean in BNC and SECCL | 第127-129页 |
| 5.3.2.3 Distribution of I mean in respective pragmatic structure in BNC and SECCL | 第129-130页 |
| 5.3.2.4 Distribution of syntactic positions of I mean in BNC and SECCL | 第130-132页 |
| 5.4 INTERIM SUMMARY | 第132-134页 |
| CHAPTER 6 YOU KNOW AS A PRAGMATIC MARKER | 第134-153页 |
| 6.1 INTRODUCTION | 第134页 |
| 6.2 PREVIOUS STUDIES ON THE USE OF YOU KNOW | 第134-138页 |
| 6.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 第138-151页 |
| 6.3.1 The functional categories of you know in this study | 第138-145页 |
| 6.3.1.1 Non-pragmatic use of you know | 第138-139页 |
| 6.3.1.2 Pragmatic functions of you know | 第139-145页 |
| 6.3.1.2.1 You know in the rhetorical structure | 第139-143页 |
| 6.3.1.2.2 You know in the sequential structure | 第143-144页 |
| 6.3.1.2.3 You know in the inferential structure | 第144-145页 |
| 6.3.2 Comparative analysis | 第145-151页 |
| 6.3.2.1 Frequency and range of you know in BNC and SECCL | 第145-146页 |
| 6.3.2.2 Distribution of individual pragmatic function of you know in BNC and SECCL | 第146-148页 |
| 6.3.2.3 Distribution of you know in respective pragmatic structure | 第148-150页 |
| 6.3.2.4 Distribution of syntactic positions of you know in BNC and SECCL | 第150-151页 |
| 6.4 INTERIM SUMMARY | 第151-153页 |
| CHAPTER 7 ACTUALLY AS A PRAGMATIC MARKER | 第153-170页 |
| 7.1 INTRODUCTION | 第153页 |
| 7.2 PREVIOUS STUDIES ON THE USE OF ACTUALLY | 第153-157页 |
| 7.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 第157-168页 |
| 7.3.1 The functional categories of actually in this study | 第157-162页 |
| 7.3.1.1 Non-pragmatic use of actually | 第158页 |
| 7.3.1.2 Pragmatic functions of actually | 第158-162页 |
| 7.3.1.2.1 Actually in the rhetorical structure | 第159-161页 |
| 7.3.1.2.2 Actually in the sequential structure | 第161-162页 |
| 7.3.1.2.3 Actually in the inferential structure | 第162页 |
| 7.3.2 Comparative analysis | 第162-168页 |
| 7.3.2.1 Frequency and range of actually in BNC and SECCL | 第163-164页 |
| 7.3.2.2 Distribution of individual pragmatic function of actually in BNC and SECCL | 第164-165页 |
| 7.3.2.3 Distribution of actually in respective pragmatic structure | 第165-166页 |
| 7.3.2.4 Distribution of syntactic positions of actually in BNC and SECCL | 第166-168页 |
| 7.4 INTERIM SUMMARY | 第168-170页 |
| CHAPTER 8 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PRAGMATIC MARKERS BETWEEN BNC AND SECCL | 第170-194页 |
| 8.1 INTRODUCTION | 第170页 |
| 8.2 RESULTS | 第170-181页 |
| 8.2.1 Frequency of the pragmatic markers used in BNC and SECCL | 第170-174页 |
| 8.2.2 Range of the pragmatic functions used in BNC and SECCL | 第174页 |
| 8.2.3 Distribution of individual pragmatic function in BNC and SECCL | 第174-178页 |
| 8.2.4 Distribution of the pragmatic markers in respective pragmatic structure | 第178-179页 |
| 8.2.5 Distribution of overall syntactic positions in BNC and SECCL | 第179-181页 |
| 8.3 GENERAL DISCUSSION | 第181-192页 |
| 8.3.1 Underuse of the pragmatic markers and functions by Chinese EFL learners | 第181-184页 |
| 8.3.2 Overuse of the pragmatic functions in the inferential structure by Chinese EFL learners | 第184-187页 |
| 8.3.3 Possible factors facilitating the acquisition of pragmatic markers | 第187-192页 |
| 8.3.3.1 Noticing of pragmatic markers | 第187-189页 |
| 8.3.3.2 Instruction on pragmatic markers | 第189-191页 |
| 8.3.3.3 Processing of pragmatic markers | 第191-192页 |
| 8.4 INTERIM SUMMARY | 第192-194页 |
| CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION | 第194-203页 |
| 9.1 INTRODUCTION | 第194页 |
| 9.2 SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR FINDINGS | 第194-198页 |
| 9.3 PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS | 第198-201页 |
| 9.3.1 Consciousness raising and explicit teaching | 第198-199页 |
| 9.3.2 The I-I-I-I teaching methodology | 第199-201页 |
| 9.4 LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY | 第201-202页 |
| 9.5 SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE STUDY | 第202-203页 |
| REFERENCES | 第203-219页 |
| 攻读博士期间发表的学术论文目录 | 第219页 |
