| Abstract | 第1-7页 |
| 摘要 | 第7-9页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第9-12页 |
| Chapter Two A Survey of the Role of Output in Foreign Language Learning | 第12-26页 |
| ·Output Studies | 第12-18页 |
| ·A General Review | 第12-14页 |
| ·Merrill Swain's Study on Output | 第14-18页 |
| ·Swain's Comprehensible Output Hypothesis | 第15-16页 |
| ·Swain's Recent Notion: Output in Dialogue | 第16-18页 |
| ·Functions of Output in Language Learning | 第18-24页 |
| ·Improving Fluency | 第19-20页 |
| ·Enhancing Accuracy | 第20-24页 |
| ·Triggering Noticing | 第20-22页 |
| ·Testing Hypotheses and Internalizing Linguistic Knowledge | 第22-23页 |
| ·Aiding Syntactic Processing | 第23-24页 |
| ·Summary | 第24-26页 |
| Chapter Three Theoretical Implications for Language Teachers and Learners | 第26-40页 |
| ·Theoretical Implications for Language Teachers: Pushing Output and Pushed Output | 第26-30页 |
| ·Why Should Teachers Push Learners? | 第26-29页 |
| ·How Should Teachers Push Learners? | 第29-30页 |
| ·Theoretical Implications for Language Learners: Modifying Output and Modified Output | 第30-38页 |
| ·Why Should Learners Modify Their Output? | 第30-32页 |
| ·How Can Learners Modify Their Output? | 第32-38页 |
| ·Self- and Other-initiated Noticing | 第32-35页 |
| ·Negotiation | 第35-36页 |
| ·Repair Work | 第36-38页 |
| ·Summary | 第38-40页 |
| Chapter Four Suggestions for FLT in China | 第40-45页 |
| ·Suggestions for FLT | 第40-44页 |
| ·Focusing More on Output | 第40-41页 |
| ·Adopting Output-based Teaching Approaches | 第41-42页 |
| ·Adjusting Language Teachers' Role | 第42-43页 |
| ·Implementing the Wash-back Effect of Language Tests | 第43-44页 |
| ·Summary | 第44-45页 |
| Chapter Five Output-based Activities in Classroom Practice | 第45-56页 |
| ·Organization of Output-based Activities in Classroom Practice | 第45-47页 |
| ·Output-based Activities in Classrooms | 第47-54页 |
| ·Information-gap Activities | 第47-50页 |
| ·Interviews | 第50页 |
| ·Role-play Activities | 第50-52页 |
| ·Monologue Activities | 第52-53页 |
| ·Compositional Activities | 第53-54页 |
| ·Summary | 第54-56页 |
| Chapter Six Conclusion | 第56-58页 |
| Bibliography | 第58-60页 |
