| Acknowledgements | 第1-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-8页 |
| 摘要 | 第8-10页 |
| CONTENTS | 第10-13页 |
| 目录 | 第13-16页 |
| List of figures | 第16-17页 |
| List of tables | 第17-18页 |
| CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION | 第18-21页 |
| ·Research background | 第18-19页 |
| ·Objective of this study | 第19页 |
| ·The structure of the paper | 第19-21页 |
| CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW | 第21-41页 |
| ·Early claims made about dictation | 第21-24页 |
| ·The development of dictation in TEM4 | 第24-27页 |
| ·The forms of dictation in TEM4 | 第25页 |
| ·The significance of dictation in TEM4 | 第25-27页 |
| ·Reliability in scoring procedure | 第27-30页 |
| ·Scoring procedure in language testing | 第27-28页 |
| ·Reliability and validity of test | 第28-30页 |
| ·Rater inconsistency/reliability | 第28-29页 |
| ·Validity of scoring | 第29-30页 |
| ·Procedures for scoring the responses | 第30-38页 |
| ·The rating scales of dictation | 第30-31页 |
| ·The present rating scales applied in dictation in TEM4 | 第31-35页 |
| ·Exact word scoring | 第32-33页 |
| ·Chunk scoring | 第33-34页 |
| ·TEM4 scoring method | 第34-35页 |
| ·The comprehensive feature of dictation test | 第35页 |
| ·The advantages of traditional scoring method | 第35-36页 |
| ·The potential limitations existed in negative scoring | 第36-38页 |
| ·Implicit mistakes in the classification and the corresponding distribution of scores | 第36-37页 |
| ·Scoring scale was the lack of predictability | 第37-38页 |
| ·The backwash of teaching and testing preparation | 第38-39页 |
| ·A brief review of partial credit scoring | 第39-41页 |
| ·The origin and development of the partial credit scoring | 第39页 |
| ·Partial-Credit scoring methods applied in dictation | 第39-41页 |
| CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY | 第41-46页 |
| ·Overview of the present study of scoring methods adopted in dictation | 第41页 |
| ·Participant | 第41-42页 |
| ·Test takers | 第41-42页 |
| ·Raters | 第42页 |
| ·Testing protocols | 第42-43页 |
| ·Testing materials | 第43-44页 |
| ·Testing method | 第44页 |
| ·Data collection procedure | 第44-46页 |
| CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 第46-60页 |
| ·Quantitative analyses of scores of dictation item | 第46-50页 |
| ·Comparison of scores came from different raters according to the quantitative analysis | 第50-51页 |
| ·The qualitative judgments | 第51-53页 |
| ·Rater consistency | 第51-52页 |
| ·Some information of test takers | 第52-53页 |
| ·The result of qualitative analysis | 第53-54页 |
| ·The verification of the integrity of the new experimental method | 第54-60页 |
| ·Reliability | 第54-55页 |
| ·Statistics description of test scores by the six raters use of two scoring methods | 第55-56页 |
| ·The verification of the integrity of partial credit scoring method | 第56-60页 |
| CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION | 第60-64页 |
| ·Summary and implications of the major studies | 第60-62页 |
| ·Limitation of the present studies | 第62页 |
| ·Some advantages about partial credit scoring method | 第62-63页 |
| ·Some directions for future study | 第63-64页 |
| BIBLOGAPHY | 第64-73页 |
| APPENDIX1 | 第73-74页 |
| APPENDIX2 | 第74-76页 |
| PUBLICATION | 第76-78页 |
