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牦牛CHKB、KLF6、GPC1和CHRM3基因的拷贝数变异及其与生长性状关系的研究

摘要第6-7页
ABSTRACT第7-8页
CHAPTER 1 Introduction第21-64页
    1.1 Background information第21-24页
    1.2 VARIATIONS第24-27页
        1.2.1 Structural variations第24-25页
        1.2.2 Copy number variations (CNVs)第25-27页
    1.3 MECHANISMS OF COPY NUMBER VARIATION FORMATION第27-34页
        1.3.1 Non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR)第27-29页
        1.3.2 Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)第29-30页
        1.3.3 Fork stalling and template switching第30-31页
        1.3.4 Retrotransposition第31-34页
    1.4 METHODOLOGY USED FOR CNVS DETECTION第34-45页
        1.4.1 Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)第34-35页
        1.4.2 Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (a CGH)第35-37页
        1.4.3 Single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array)第37-39页
        1.4.4 Next generation sequencing (NGS)第39-42页
        1.4.5 Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (q PCR)第42-45页
            1.4.5.1 Basic principles of q PCR第42-43页
            1.4.5.2 Standard q PCR profile for CNV detections and gene expression第43页
            1.4.5.3 Application of q PCR第43-45页
                1.4.5.3.1 Quantification of RNA第43页
                1.4.5.3.2 Copy number variations (CNV)第43-44页
                1.4.5.3.3 Gene Quantification第44-45页
                    1.4.5.3.3.1 Absolute Quantification第44页
                    1.4.5.3.3.2 Relative quantification第44-45页
    1.5 BOVINE GENOME AND COPY NUMBER VARIATIONS第45-62页
        1.5.2第45-59页
            1.5.2.1 Genomic characterization and copy number variations in yak第46-48页
            1.5.2.2 Domestication and copy number variations第48-49页
            1.5.2.3 Adaptation and copy number variations第49-50页
            1.5.2.4 Copy number variations and phenotypic traits第50-51页
            1.5.2.5 Association of gene CNVs with growth traits第51-57页
                1.5.2.5.1 Characterization of the choline kinase beta (CHKB) gene第52-53页
                1.5.2.5.2 Characterization of the Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) gene第53-55页
                1.5.2.5.3 Characterization of the Glypican 1 (GPC1) gene第55-56页
                1.5.2.5.4 Characterization of the Cholinergic Receptor Muscarinic 3 (CHRM3) gene第56-57页
            1.5.2.6 Copy number variations and coat color第57-58页
            1.5.2.7 Copy number variations and morphology第58-59页
        1.5.3 Copy number variations and gene expression第59-60页
        1.5.4 Population genetic of copy number variation第60-62页
    1.6 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES第62-64页
CHAPTER 2 Association of copy number variation of the CHKB, KLF6, GPC1 and CHRM3 genes with growth traitsof Datong yak (Bos grunniens)第64-77页
    2.1 SUMMARY第64-65页
    2.2 INTRODUCTION第65-66页
    2.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS第66-69页
        2.3.1 Study areas and body measurements第66页
        2.3.2 Sample collection and genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction第66页
        2.3.3 Primer design and PCR amplification第66-67页
        2.3.4 Copy number variation analysis of the KLF6, CHKB, GPC1 and CHRM3 genes第67-68页
        2.3.5 Statistical analysis第68-69页
    2.4 RESULTS第69-72页
        2.4.1 Association of CNVs of the CHKB gene with yak growth traits第69页
        2.4.2 Association of CNV of the KLF6 gene with yak growth traits第69-70页
        2.4.3 Association of CNV of the GPC1 gene with yak growth traits第70-71页
        2.4.4 Association of CNV of the CHRM3 gene with yak growth traits第71-72页
    2.5 DISCUSSION第72-75页
    2.6 CONCLUSION第75-77页
CHAPTER 3 Population genetic copy number variation of CHKB, KLF6, GPC1 and CHRM3 genes in Chinesedomestic yak (Bos grunniens)第77-96页
    3.1 SUMMARY第77-78页
    3.2 INTRODUCTION第78-79页
    3.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS第79-81页
        3.3.1 Study areas and sample collections第79-80页
        3.3.2 Genomic DNA isolation第80-81页
        3.3.3 Primer design and PCR amplification第81页
        3.3.4 Copy number variation analysis of KLF6, CHKB, GPC1 and CHRM3 genes第81页
        3.3.5 Statistical analysis第81页
    3.4 RESULTS第81-90页
        3.4.1 Population genetic analysis of CNVs of the CHKB gene第81-83页
        3.4.2 Population genetic analysis of CNVs of the KLF6 gene第83-85页
        3.4.3 Population genetic analysis of CNVs of the GPC1 gene第85-87页
        3.4.4 Population genetic analysis of CNVs of the CHRM3 gene第87-90页
    3.5 DISCUSSION第90-95页
    3.6 CONCLUSIONS第95-96页
CHAPTER 4 Analysis of the expression pattern and transcript level of copy number variations of the KLF6, CHKB, GPC1 and CHRM3 genes in different tissues of Datong yak (Bos grunniens)第96-128页
    4.1 SUMMARY第96-97页
    4.2 INTRODUCTION第97-99页
    4.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS第99-101页
        4.3.1 Sample collection, genomic DNA and total RNA isolation and c DNA synthesis第99页
        4.3.2 Primer design and PCR amplification第99-100页
        4.3.3 Analysis of expression patterns of the KLF6, CHKB, GPC1 and CHRM3 genes第100页
        4.3.4 Statistical analysis第100-101页
    4.4 RESULTS第101-121页
        4.4.1 Analysis of the expression pattern of the CHKB gene in different tissues第101-103页
        4.4.2 Correlation analysis of CNVs and CHKB m RNA expression第103-106页
        4.4.3 Analysis of the expression pattern of the KLF6 gene in different tissues第106-108页
        4.4.4 Correlation analysis of CNVs and KLF6 m RNA expression第108-111页
        4.4.5 Analysis of the expression pattern of the GPC1 gene in different tissues第111-113页
        4.4.6 Correlation analysis of CNVs and GPC1 m RNA expression第113-116页
        4.4.7 Analysis of the expression pattern of the CHRM3 gene in different tissues第116-118页
        4.4.8 Correlation analysis of CNVs and CHRM3 m RNA expression第118-121页
    4.5 DISCUSSION第121-126页
    4.6 CONCLUSIONS第126-128页
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS, OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES第128-131页
REFRENCES第131-153页
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS第153-154页
CURRCULUM VITA第154-157页

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