| ABSTRACT | 第9-11页 |
| 摘要 | 第12-18页 |
| CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION | 第18-26页 |
| 1.1 Problems due to feeding excessive protein ration in dairy ruminants | 第19-22页 |
| 1.2 Crude protein, rumen degradable, undegradable and metabolizable protein | 第22-23页 |
| 1.3 Studies of rumen-protected methionine supplementation and crude protein | 第23-24页 |
| 1.4 Problems statements, methionine role and hypothesis of the proposed research | 第24-25页 |
| 1.5 Hypothesis and objectives of the proposed research | 第25-26页 |
| CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE | 第26-39页 |
| 2.1 Introduction of the methionine and biosynthesis process | 第26-28页 |
| 2.2 The impacts of methionine supplementation on dairy ruminants | 第28-30页 |
| 2.3 Description of current experimental product | 第30页 |
| 2.4 Characteristics of Rusitec technique and structure of apparatus | 第30-34页 |
| 2.5 Operation and preparation for running the Rusitec apparatus | 第34-35页 |
| 2.6 Inoculation of ruminal microbes, incubation process and adaptation period | 第35-36页 |
| 2.7 Fermenters volume, dilution rate, ration amount and feedbags size | 第36-38页 |
| 2.8 Parameters reported in the literature during operation of the Rusitec | 第38-39页 |
| CHAPTER 3: LOW DIETARY PROTEIN DIET WITH SUPPLEMENTATION OF RUMEN PROTECTED METHIONINE: THEIR EFFECTS ON APPARENT NUTRIENTSDISAPPEARANCE | 第39-51页 |
| 3.1 Abstract | 第39-40页 |
| 3.2 Introduction | 第40-41页 |
| 3.3 Hypothesis and objective | 第41页 |
| 3.4 Material and methods | 第41-46页 |
| 3.4.1 Animal care | 第41页 |
| 3.4.2 Experimental strategy | 第41-42页 |
| 3.4.3 Test product description | 第42页 |
| 3.4.4 Experimental diets and inoculum donors | 第42-44页 |
| 3.4.5 Rumen simulation technique and sampling | 第44-45页 |
| 3.4.6 In vitro abomasum digestibility, collection of small intestinal fluid of goatsand lyophilization technique | 第45页 |
| 3.4.7 In vitro ileum digestibility technique, and laboratory analyses of feed andsamples | 第45-46页 |
| 3.5 Statistical analyses | 第46-47页 |
| 3.6 Results | 第47-49页 |
| 3.6.1 Effects of supplementation of rumen-protected methionine on disappearanceat Rusitec | 第47-48页 |
| 3.6.2 Rumen-protected methionine supplements their post-ruminal effects on thedisappearance | 第48-49页 |
| 3.7 Discussion | 第49-50页 |
| 3.8 Conclusion | 第50-51页 |
| CHAPTER 4: TOTAL POPULATION AND THREE CELLULOLYTIC SPECIFIC SPECIES RESPONSES TO RUMEN PROTECTED METHIONINE WITH LOW DIETARYPROTEIN DIET USING RUSITEC FERMENTERS | 第51-65页 |
| 4.1 Abstract | 第51-52页 |
| 4.2 Introduction | 第52-53页 |
| 4.3 Hypothesis and objective | 第53-54页 |
| 4.4 Material and methods | 第54-61页 |
| 4.4.1 Experimental treatments and methodology | 第54-56页 |
| 4.4.2 Sterilization preparation | 第56页 |
| 4.4.3 The reagents preparation | 第56-57页 |
| 4.4.4 DNA extraction protocol for rumen microbes | 第57页 |
| 4.4.5 Agar gel electrophoresis | 第57页 |
| 4.4.6 Spectrophotometry test | 第57-58页 |
| 4.4.7 Quantitative real-time PCR (qrt PCR) | 第58-61页 |
| 4.4.8 qrt PCR and determination of the bacterial copy number | 第61页 |
| 4.5 Statistical analyses | 第61-62页 |
| 4.6 Results | 第62-63页 |
| 4.6.1 Effects of supplements on total and cellulolytic species gene copy of liquidfraction | 第62-63页 |
| 4.6.2 Effects of supplements on total and cellulolytic species gene copy of solidfraction | 第63页 |
| 4.7 Discussion | 第63-64页 |
| 4.8 Conclusion | 第64-65页 |
| CHAPTER 5: ADDITION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF RUMEN PROTECTED METHIONINE WITH LOW PROTEIN DIET: THEIR EFFECTS ON RUMEN ANDPOST- RUMEN FERMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS | 第65-76页 |
| 5.1 Abstract | 第65-66页 |
| 5.2 Introduction | 第66-67页 |
| 5.3 Hypothesis and objective | 第67页 |
| 5.4 Material and methods | 第67-68页 |
| 5.5 Statistical analyses | 第68-69页 |
| 5.6 Results | 第69-72页 |
| 5.6.1 Effects of supplements with low CP on total and individual volatile fattyacids at Rusitec | 第69页 |
| 5.6.2 Post-ruminal effects of supplements with low CP on total and individualvolatile fatty acids | 第69-71页 |
| 5.6.3 Effects of supplements on total and greenhouse gases production | 第71页 |
| 5.6.4 Rumen p H, microbial protein synthesis, and NH3-N production ruminal andpost-ruminal | 第71-72页 |
| 5.7 Discussion | 第72-75页 |
| 5.8 Conclusion | 第75-76页 |
| CHAPTER 6: ADDITION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF RUMEN PROTECTED METHIONINE AS A CONCEIVABLE APPROACH TO DEPLOYING MAXIMUMTOTAL AND METHIONINE AMINO ACID FLOW AT THE SMALL INTESTINE | 第76-97页 |
| 6.1 Abstract | 第76-77页 |
| 6.2 Introduction | 第77-79页 |
| 6.3 Hypothesis and objective | 第79页 |
| 6.4 Material and Methods | 第79-85页 |
| 6.4.1 Experimental methodology and treatments | 第79-82页 |
| 6.4.2 Laboratory analyses of experimental feed and collected samples | 第82页 |
| 6.4.3 The methodology of preparation of Rusitec and in vitro fluid samples foramino acids analyses | 第82-85页 |
| 6.4.4 The methodology of preparation of Rusitec and in vitro residue samples foramino acids analyses | 第85页 |
| 6.4.5 Sample filtration and constant volume preparation for the amino acidanalyzer | 第85页 |
| 6.5 Statistical analyses | 第85页 |
| 6.6 Results | 第85-93页 |
| 6.6.1 Low protein with RPMet supplementation their effects on EAA, NEAA andMet flow from the rumen to ileum residue | 第85-90页 |
| 6.6.2 Low protein with RPMet supplementation their effects on EAA, NEAA andMet flow from rumen to ileum fluid | 第90-93页 |
| 6.7 Discussion | 第93-96页 |
| 6.8 Conclusion | 第96-97页 |
| CHAPTER 7: Conclusion and Recommendations | 第97-98页 |
| 7.1 Conclusion | 第97页 |
| 7.2 Recommendations | 第97-98页 |
| PUBLICATIONS | 第98-99页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第99-100页 |
| REFERENCES | 第100-116页 |
| APPENDIXA | 第116-119页 |
| ABBREVIATIONS | 第119-120页 |
| BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH | 第120-123页 |
