| 摘要 | 第1-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-8页 |
| Contents | 第8-10页 |
| Abbreviations | 第10-11页 |
| List of Tables | 第11-12页 |
| List of Figures | 第12-13页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第13-21页 |
| ·General background of the study | 第13-16页 |
| ·Specific background of the study | 第16-19页 |
| ·Significance and objectives of the study | 第19页 |
| ·Outline of the paper | 第19-21页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review | 第21-29页 |
| ·Studies from overseas | 第21-25页 |
| ·Studies at home | 第25-27页 |
| ·Backwash effect of testing on language teaching and learning | 第27-29页 |
| Chapter 3 Research Design | 第29-40页 |
| ·Hypothesis of the research | 第29-31页 |
| ·A survey | 第29-30页 |
| ·An experiment | 第30-31页 |
| ·Participants | 第31-32页 |
| ·Instruments of data collection | 第32-34页 |
| ·Procedures of the experiment | 第34-40页 |
| ·Traditional English final examinations for students | 第34-35页 |
| ·Traditional testing and teaching for control group | 第35-36页 |
| ·New testing model for experimental group | 第36-40页 |
| Chapter 4 Data Analysis and Discussion | 第40-69页 |
| ·Survey analysis and discussion | 第40-47页 |
| ·Students’ attitudes toward various English assessments of teaching | 第40-42页 |
| ·Students’ opinions on the types and content of English assessments | 第42-44页 |
| ·Students’ preparing methods for various assessments | 第44-45页 |
| ·Students’ motives of taking part in various assessments | 第45-47页 |
| ·Analysis of the test results | 第47-52页 |
| ·Comparison and analysis of two groups’ first testing results | 第48-50页 |
| ·Comparison and analysis of two groups’ second testing results | 第50页 |
| ·Comparison and analysis of two groups’ two testing results | 第50-52页 |
| ·Interview and observation results and analysis in the experiment | 第52-56页 |
| ·Interview results and analysis | 第53-55页 |
| ·Classroom observation results and analysis | 第55-56页 |
| ·The backwash effects on English teaching and learning | 第56-62页 |
| ·Positive backwash effects on English teaching | 第56-58页 |
| ·Negative backwash effects on English teaching and learning | 第58-62页 |
| ·Measures to help improve positive backwash effect | 第62-69页 |
| ·Design of more reasonable paper | 第62-63页 |
| ·Paying more attention to the feedback of English assessments | 第63-64页 |
| ·Improving the ways and methods of English assessments | 第64-65页 |
| ·Creating a student-centered teaching atmosphere | 第65-67页 |
| ·Enhancing the teachers’ concept about language testing | 第67-69页 |
| Chapter 5 Conclusion | 第69-74页 |
| ·Major findings | 第69-70页 |
| ·Implications of the study | 第70-71页 |
| ·Limitations of the study | 第71-72页 |
| ·Suggestions for further study | 第72-74页 |
| References | 第74-78页 |
| Appendix | 第78-80页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第80-81页 |
| 作者简介 | 第81页 |
