| Acknowledgements | 第5-7页 |
| English abstract | 第7-10页 |
| Chinese abstract | 第11-17页 |
| List of tables | 第17-19页 |
| List of figures | 第19-20页 |
| Abbreviations | 第20-21页 |
| Chapter one Introduction | 第21-28页 |
| 1.1 Gene expression | 第22-24页 |
| 1.2 Genetic polymorphism | 第24-28页 |
| Chapter two Literature review | 第28-74页 |
| 2.1 Gene expression | 第29-35页 |
| 2.1.1 Reverse transcriptase-polymerase reaction (RT-PCR) | 第30-32页 |
| 2.1.2 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR | 第32页 |
| 2.1.3 Competitive RT-PCR | 第32-34页 |
| 2.1.4 Real time RT-PCR | 第34-35页 |
| 2.2 Genetic polymorphism | 第35-52页 |
| 2.2.1 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) | 第39-52页 |
| 2.2.1.1 SNPs screening methods | 第39-46页 |
| 2.2.1.1.1 Conformation based methods | 第40-43页 |
| 2.2.1.1.2 Cleavage based and enzymatic methods | 第43-46页 |
| 2.2.1.2 SNPs genotyping methods | 第46-52页 |
| 2.2.1.2.1 Hybridization | 第46-47页 |
| 2.2.1.2.2 Cleavage base methods | 第47-52页 |
| 2.3 Genomic structure and organization of the chicken | 第52-53页 |
| 2.4 Lipid metabolism | 第53-61页 |
| 2.4.1 Cholesterol and triglycerides | 第55页 |
| 2.4.2 Lipoproteins metabolism | 第55-59页 |
| 2.4.3 Adipose tissue | 第59-61页 |
| 2.5 Low density lipoprotein receptor | 第61-65页 |
| 2.5.1 Function and synthesis of LDL receptor | 第61-62页 |
| 2.5.2 Structure of LDL receptor | 第62-63页 |
| 2.5.3 LDL receptor gene | 第63-64页 |
| 2.5.4 Regulation of LDL receptor gene expression | 第64-65页 |
| 2.6 ApoVLDL-II | 第65-69页 |
| 2.6.1 Function, synthesis and structure of apoVLDL-II | 第65-67页 |
| 2.6.2 ApoVLDL-II gene | 第67-68页 |
| 2.6.3 ApoVLDL-II as a candidate of fat and biochemical serum | 第68-69页 |
| 2.7 Lipoprotein lipase | 第69-74页 |
| 2.7.1 Function, synthesis and structure of LPL | 第69-71页 |
| 2.7.2 Lipoprotein lipase gene | 第71-73页 |
| 2.7.3 Lipoprotein lipase as a candidate of fat and biochemical serum | 第73-74页 |
| Chapter three Relation between abdominal fat, serum cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins in genetically fat and lean chickens | 第74-86页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第75页 |
| 2 Materials and Methods | 第75-77页 |
| 2.1 Experimental stocks | 第75-76页 |
| 2.2 Biochemical serum analysis | 第76-77页 |
| 2.3 Data analysis | 第77页 |
| 3 Results | 第77-81页 |
| 3.1 Growth and abdominal fat weight | 第77-79页 |
| 3.2 Biochemical serum concentrations | 第79-81页 |
| 3.3 Correlation between abdominal fat and biochemical serum | 第81页 |
| 4 Discussion | 第81-85页 |
| 4.1 Growth and abdominal fat weight | 第81-82页 |
| 4.2 Biochemical serum concentrations | 第82-84页 |
| 4.3 Correlation between abdominal fat and biochemical serum | 第84-85页 |
| 5 Conclusions | 第85-86页 |
| Chapter four Expression of low density lipoprotein receptor m RNA in genetically fat and lean chickens by semi-quantitative RT-PCR | 第86-98页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第87-88页 |
| 2 Materials and Methods | 第88-91页 |
| 2.1 Animals and tissue collection | 第88页 |
| 2.2 RNA extraction | 第88-89页 |
| 2.3 RNA integrity and purity | 第89-90页 |
| 2.4 Primer design | 第90页 |
| 2.5 First strand cDNA synthesis | 第90页 |
| 2.6 Semi-quantitative RT-PCR | 第90-91页 |
| 2.7 Quantitation of mRNA | 第91页 |
| 2.8 Statistical analysis | 第91页 |
| 3 Results | 第91-94页 |
| 3.1 Quantitation of mRNA expression by semi-quantitative RT-PCR | 第91-92页 |
| 3.2 RT-PCR analysis of LDL receptor mRNA in different tissues | 第92-94页 |
| 3.3 Relation between LDL receptor mRNA expression, biochemical serum and abdominal | 第94页 |
| 4 Discussion | 第94-97页 |
| 4.1 RT-PCR analysis of LDL receptor mRNA in different tissues | 第94-96页 |
| 4.2 Relation between LDL receptor mRNA expression, biochemical serum and abdominal fat | 第96-97页 |
| 5 Conclusions | 第97-98页 |
| Chapter five Association of SNP in apoVLDL-II gene with abdominal fat and biochemical serum | 第98-119页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第99-100页 |
| 2 Materials and Methods | 第100-106页 |
| 2.1 Experimental stocks | 第100-101页 |
| 2.2 Abdominal fat and biochemical serum analysis | 第101页 |
| 2.3 DNA isolation | 第101-102页 |
| 2.4 DNA yield and Purity | 第102页 |
| 2.5 Primers design | 第102-104页 |
| 2.6 PCR-RFLP | 第104-105页 |
| 2.7 PCR-SSCP | 第105页 |
| 2.8 Gene sequencing | 第105-106页 |
| 2.9 Statistical analysis | 第106页 |
| 3 Results | 第106-114页 |
| 3.1 SNP detection in apoVLDL-II gene | 第106-109页 |
| 3.2 Allele frequency and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | 第109-111页 |
| 3.3 Association of SNP in apoVLDL-II gene with abdominal fat | 第111-112页 |
| 3.4 Association of SNP in apoVLDL-II gene with biochemical serum | 第112-114页 |
| 4 Discussion | 第114-118页 |
| 4.1 ApoVLDL-II SNP genotype | 第114-115页 |
| 4.2 Association of SNP in apoVLDL-II gene with abdominal fat | 第115-116页 |
| 4.3 Association of SNP in apoVLDL-II gene with biochemical serum | 第116-118页 |
| 5 Conclusions | 第118-119页 |
| Chapter six Association of SNP in lipoprotein lipase gene with abdominal fat and biochemical serum | 第119-133页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第120-121页 |
| 2 Materials and Methods | 第121-124页 |
| 2.1 Experimental animals | 第121页 |
| 2.2 DNA extraction and primers design | 第121-123页 |
| 2.3 PCR-SSCP and gene sequencing | 第123页 |
| 2.4 Statistical analysis | 第123-124页 |
| 3 Results | 第124-128页 |
| 3.1 SNP detection in lipoprotein lipase gene | 第124页 |
| 3.2 Allele frequency and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | 第124-125页 |
| 3.3 Association of SNP in lipoprotein lipase gene with abdominal fat | 第125-127页 |
| 3.4 Association of SNP in lipoprotein lipase with biochemical serum | 第127-128页 |
| 4 Discussion | 第128-132页 |
| 4.1 SNP in lipoprotein lipase gene | 第128-129页 |
| 4.2 Association of SNP in lipoprotein lipase gene with abdominal fat | 第129-130页 |
| 4.3 Association of SNP in lipoprotein lipase gene with biochemical serum | 第130-132页 |
| 5 Conclusions | 第132-133页 |
| Chapter seven The effect of interaction between lipoprotein lipase and apoVLDL-II genes on fat and biochemical serum | 第133-146页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第134-135页 |
| 2 Materials and Methods | 第135-137页 |
| 2.1 Animals and genetic analysis | 第135-136页 |
| 2.2 Statistical analysis | 第136-137页 |
| 3 Results | 第137-143页 |
| 3.1 Single nucleotide polymorphism | 第137-138页 |
| 3.2 The effect of interaction between lipoprotein lipase and apoVLDL-II genes on abdominal fat weight | 第138-140页 |
| 3.3 The effect of interaction between lipoprotein lipase and apoVLDL-II genes on biochemical serum | 第140-143页 |
| 4 Discussion | 第143-145页 |
| 4.1 Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium | 第143页 |
| 4.2 The effect of interaction between lipoprotein lipase and apoVLDL-II genes on abdominal fat weight | 第143-144页 |
| 4.3 The effect of interaction between lipoprotein lipase and apoVLDL-II genes on biochemical serum | 第144-145页 |
| 5 Conclusions | 第145-146页 |
| Chapter eight Genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships of functional apoVLDL-II and lipoprotein lipase genes in chicken populations | 第146-159页 |
| 1 Introduction | 第147-149页 |
| 2 Materials and Methods | 第149-150页 |
| 2.1 Animals and genotype analysis | 第149页 |
| 2.2 Statistical analysis | 第149-150页 |
| 3 Results | 第150-154页 |
| 3.1 Genetic diversity. | 第150-151页 |
| 3.2 Polymorphism information contents | 第151-152页 |
| 3.3 F- Statistics and gene flow | 第152-153页 |
| 3.4 Genetic identity and distance. | 第153-154页 |
| 3.5 Phylogenetic relationship | 第154页 |
| 4 Discussion | 第154-158页 |
| 4.1 Genetic diversity | 第154-155页 |
| 4.2 F- Statistics and gene flow | 第155-156页 |
| 4.3 Genetic distance and phylogenetic relationship | 第156-158页 |
| 5 Conclusions | 第158-159页 |
| Chapter nine General discussion and conclusions | 第159-171页 |
| 1 General discussion | 第160-168页 |
| 2 General conclusions | 第168-171页 |
| Reference | 第171-208页 |
| Articles published and submitted in peer-reviewed journals | 第208-211页 |
