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冬小麦生长和产量形成对营养生长阶段干旱锻炼的响应和适应机理

摘要第11-14页
ABSTRACT第14-18页
CHAPTER 1: REVIEW OF LITERATURE第19-45页
    1.1. Background第20-21页
    1.2. Effects of drought stress on plants第21-26页
        1.2.1. Crop growth and yield第21-22页
        1.2.2. Plant-water relations第22-23页
        1.2.3. Photosynthetic limitations第23-24页
        1.2.4. Stomatal oscillations第24页
        1.2.5. Oxidative damage第24-25页
        1.2.6. Assimilate partitioning第25-26页
    1.3. Plants' adaptation mechanisms to drought stress第26-30页
        1.3.1. Morphological adaptation mechanisms第26-27页
        1.3.2. Physiological adaptation mechanisms第27-30页
    1.4. Effects of post-anthesis drought stress on grain formation第30-33页
        1.4.1. Effects on growth hormones levels and grain size development第31-32页
        1.4.2. Effects on carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities and grain filling第32-33页
    1.5. Response of pre-drought experienced plant to post-anthesis drought conditions第33-36页
    1.6. Objectives of study第36-37页
    1.7. Technical rout map of study第37-38页
    References第38-45页
CHAPTER 2: EFFECTS OF WATER DEFICITS APPLIED DURINGVEGETATIVE GROWTH STAGES ON POST-ANTHESIS PHOTOSYNTHESIS,DRY MATTER RE-MOBILIZATION,GRAIN YIELD,AND WATERUTILIZATION IN WHEAT第45-71页
    2.1. Introduction第46-48页
    2.2. Materials and methods第48-53页
        2.2.1. Plant culture and growth conditions第48-49页
        2.2.2. Water deficit treatments application and management第49-50页
        2.2.3. Determination of amount of water applied第50-51页
        2.2.4. Plant sampling and harvesting第51页
        2.2.5. Traits measurements第51页
        2.2.6. Leaf chlorophyll contents第51-52页
        2.2.7. Leaf morphological traits第52页
        2.2.8. Photosynthetic measurements第52页
        2.2.9. Pre-deficit limitation第52页
        2.2.10. Grain filling duration第52页
        2.2.11. Mobilization of pre-anthesis accumulated dry matter contents第52-53页
        2.2.12. Water use efficiency and water productivity第53页
    2.3. Statistical analysis第53页
    2.4. Results第53-62页
        2.4.1. Amount of water applied第53-54页
        2.4.2. Leaf chlorophyll contents第54页
        2.4.3. Leaf area第54页
        2.4.4. Leaf thickness第54-57页
        2.4.5. Effects of water deficits on post-anthesis photosynthetic rate第57-58页
        2.4.6. Grain filling duration, grain yields and harvest index第58页
        2.4.7. Number of spikes, grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight第58-59页
        2.4.8. Pre-anthesis dry matter production and pre-deficit limitation第59页
        2.4.9. Pre-anthesis dry matter mobilization efficiency and contribution to grain yield第59-60页
        2.4.10. Water use efficiency and water productivity第60-62页
    2.5. Discussion第62-67页
    2.6. Conclusions第67-68页
    References第68-71页
CHAPTER 3: ADAPTATION TO AND RECOVERY FROM DROUGHT STRESSAT VEGETATIVE STAGES IN WHEAT CULTIVARS第71-113页
    3.1. Introduction第72-75页
    3.2. Materials and methods第75-82页
        3.2.1. Plant culture and growth conditions第75页
        3.2.2. Plant sampling and traits measurement第75-76页
        3.2.3. Leaf water relations and membrane stability index measurements第76-77页
        3.2.4. Leaf gas exchange measurements第77页
        3.2.5. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements第77-78页
        3.2.6. Chlorophyll contents and morphological leaf traits measurements第78页
        3.2.7. Relative growth rate and dry matter determinations第78-79页
        3.2.8. Determination of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and enzymaticantioxidant activities第79-80页
        3.2.9. Determination of non-enzymatic antioxidants第80页
        3.2.10. Determination of carbohydrates, free amino acids and proline第80-82页
    3.3. Statistical analysis第82页
    3.4. Results第82-97页
        3.4.1. Changes in membrane stability index and membrane injury第82页
        3.4.2. Leaf gas exchange parameters第82-84页
        3.4.3. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters第84页
        3.4.4. Leaf traits第84-87页
        3.4.5. Relative growth rate and dry matter production第87-88页
        3.4.6. Changes in reactive oxygen species and MDA contents第88-89页
        3.4.7. Changes in enzymatic antioxidant activities第89-92页
        3.4.8. Changes in non-enzymatic antioxidants第92-93页
        3.4.9. Changes in soluble proteins, free amino acids and proline contents第93-94页
        3.4.10. Changes in carbohydrates第94-96页
        3.4.11. Changes in leaf water relations and osmotic adjustment第96-97页
    3.5. Discussion第97-104页
    3.6. Conclusions第104-106页
    References第106-113页
CHAPTER 4: RESPONSE OF MODERATE PRE-DROUGHT EXPERIENCEDPLANTS TO POST-ANTHESIS DROUGHT STRESS CONDITIONS第113-135页
    4.1. Introduction第114-116页
    4.2. Materials and methods第116-122页
        4.2.0. Plant culture and growth conditions第116-117页
        4.2.1. Drought priming treatments第117页
        4.2.2. Post-anthesis drought stress treatments第117-118页
        4.2.3. Plant sampling第118-119页
        4.2.4. Leaf water potential第119页
        4.2.5. Chlorophyll contents第119页
        4.2.6. Rubisco contents第119-120页
        4.2.7. Leaf gas exchange第120页
        4.2.8. Chlorophyll fluorescence第120页
        4.2.9. Enzymatic antioxidants activities第120-121页
        4.2.10. Lipid peroxidation estimation第121页
        4.2.11. Dry matte第121页
        4.2.12 Grain yield第121页
        4.2.13. Drought index第121页
        4.2.14. Harvest index第121-122页
    4.3. Statistical analysis第122页
    4.4. Results第122-126页
        4.4.1. Dry matter production第122页
        4.4.2. Grain yield production第122页
        4.4.3. Drought index第122-123页
        4.4.4. Harvest index第123页
        4.4.5. Leaf water potential第123-124页
        4.4.6. Chlorophyll and Rubisco contents第124-125页
        4.4.7. Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence第125-126页
        4.4.8. Lipid peroxidation and enzymatic antioxidant activities第126页
    4.5. Discussion第126-131页
    4.6. Conclusions第131-132页
    References第132-135页
CHAPTER 5: EFFECT OF PRE-DROUGHT PRIMING ON PLANT GROWTHHORMONES AND GRAIN DEVELOPMENT REGULATION AGAINST POST-ANTHESIS DROUGHT STRESS第135-163页
    5.1. Introduction第136-138页
    5.2. Materials and methods第138-144页
        5.2.1. Plant culture and growth conditions第138-139页
        5.2.2. Drought priming treatments第139页
        5.2.3. Post-anthesis drought stress treatments第139-140页
        5.2.4. Plant sampling and harvesting第140-141页
        5.2.5. Leaf water potential第141页
        5.2.7. Leaf chlorophyll contents第141页
        5.2.8. Photosynthetic rate第141页
        5.2.9. Isolation and counting of endosperm cells第141-142页
        5.2.10. Grain size detection第142页
        5.2.11. Hormones extraction第142-143页
        5.2.12. Hormones quantification第143-144页
    5.3. Statistical analysis第144页
    5.4. Results第144-153页
        5.4.1. Changes in leaf water potential and chlorophyll contents第144-146页
        5.4.2. Changes in photosynthetic rate第146页
        5.4.3. Changes in endosperm cell number and cell division rate第146-147页
        5.4.4. Changes in grain size and moisture contents第147-149页
        5.4.5. Changes in grain filling rate and grain weight第149-150页
        5.4.6. Changes in grain filling duration and grain yield traits第150-151页
        5.4.7. Hormonal changes in grains第151-153页
    5.5. Discussion第153-157页
    5.6. Conclusions第157-159页
    References第159-163页
CHAPTER 6: EFFECT OF PRE-DROUGHT PRIMING ON ENZYMESACTIVITIES RELATED TO SUCROSE SYNTHESIS AND SUCROSE-TO-STARCH CONVERSION AGAINST POST-ANTHESIS DROUGHT STRESS第163-185页
    6.1. Introduction第164-166页
    6.2. Materials and methods第166-170页
        6.2.1. Plant culture and growth conditions第166页
        6.2.2. Plant sampling and harvesting第166-167页
        6.2.3. Water soluble carbohydrates contents第167页
        6.2.4. Amylose and amylopectin contents第167-168页
        6.2.5. Sucrose-metabolism enzymes extraction and assays第168页
        6.2.6. Sucrose synthase and invertase第168页
        6.2.7. Sucrose-phosphate synthase第168-169页
        6.2.8. Preparation, enzyme extraction and activity determination of sucrose-to-starchmetabolism enzymes in grains第169页
        6.2.9. ADPGPPase activity第169页
        6.2.10. Sucrose synthase activity第169-170页
        6.2.11. SSS and GBSS activities第170页
    6.3. Statistical analysis第170页
    6.4. Results第170-174页
        6.4.1. Changes in grain dry weight and stem dry weight第170-171页
        6.4.2. Changes in WSCs, sucrose and fructose content in stem第171-172页
        6.4.3. Changes in SS, SPS and INV enzyme activities第172页
        6.4.4. Changes in amylopectin and amylose contents and starch accumulation rate ingrains第172-174页
        6.4.5. Changes in ADPGPPase, SS, SSS and GBSS enzyme activities第174页
    6.5. Discussion第174-180页
    6.6. Conclusions第180-181页
    References第181-185页
CHAPTER 7: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS第185-215页
    7.1. Moderate water deficit at vegetative stages improved post-anthesis photosynthesis,dry matter re-mobilization, grain yield, and water utilization第185-188页
    7.2. Genotypic variations in adaptability to and recovery from drought stress are theindicators of drought tolerance第188-191页
    7.3. Osmotic adjustment and antioxidative changes during drought stress and re-wateringperiods at vegetative stages of wheat第191-195页
    7.4. Pre-drought priming triggers a faster and stronger defense mechanism against thesubsequent post-anthesis drought stress第195-198页
    7.5. Pre-drought priming sustains grain filling process by modulating the synthesis ofgrowth hormones against post-anthesis drought stress第198-201页
    7.6. Activities of sucrose synthesizing and sucrose-to-starch conversion enzymes in pre-drought primed against post-anthesis drought stress第201-204页
    7.7. Conclusions第204-207页
    7.8. New insights第207-208页
    7.9. Future recommendations第208-209页
    References第209-215页
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS第215-217页
Publications第217页

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