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β-Glucan Enhances Anti-Tumor Immune Responses by Regulating Suppressor and Effector Cells in Melanoma Mouse Model

Abstract第8-11页
摘要第12-15页
List of Abbreviations第15-18页
Table of Contents第18-22页
List of Figures第22-23页
Chapter 1第23-55页
    1.1第23-28页
        1.1.0 General Review (Background)第23页
        1.1.1 β-Glucan Sources and Structure第23-26页
        1.1.2 Particulate β-Glucans第26页
        1.1.3 Soluble β-Glucans第26-27页
        1.1.4 Active Moiety of β-Glucans第27页
        1.1.5 Effects of β-Glucans on the Immune System第27-28页
    1.2第28-32页
        1.2.0 Dectin-1第28-32页
    1.3第32-35页
        1.3.0 GITR and GITRL第32-33页
        1.3.1 The GITR/GITRL System in APCs第33-35页
    1.4第35-40页
        1.4.0 Th17第35-37页
        1.4.1 Th17 and Cancer第37-38页
        1.4.2 Th17 and Treg Cells第38-40页
    1.5第40-48页
        1.5.0 Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Biology第40-41页
        1.5.1 Murine and Humans MDSCs第41-42页
        1.5.2 Murine MDSC in Tumors第42-43页
        1.5.3 Human MDSCs第43-44页
        1.5.4 MDSC Generation and Expansion第44-47页
        1.5.6 Suppressive Activity of MDSC第47-48页
        1.5.7 Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Modulation第48页
    1.6第48-51页
        1.6.0 Melanoma第48-49页
        1.6.1 Melanoma Microenvironment and MDSC Immunosuppressivity第49-50页
        1.6.2 Neutralization of Immunosuppression in Melanoma第50-51页
    1.7第51-55页
        1.7.0 Statement of Problem Hypothesis and Experimental Design第51-53页
        1.7.1 Specific Aims and Objectives第53-55页
Chapter 2 Up-Regulation of GITRL on Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells by β-Glucans Improves Anti-Tumor Immunity via Enhancing the Expansion of Th17 Cells in Melanoma第55-78页
    2.1.0 Introduction第55-58页
    2.1.1 Materials and Methods第58-65页
        2.1.1.1 β-Glucan第58页
        2.1.1.2 Bone Marrow-derived DC (BMDC)第58-59页
        2.1.1.3 In vitro Proliferation Assays第59-60页
        2.1.1.4 Cell line, Mice and Tumor Models第60页
        2.1.1.5 Recombinant GITRL Protein第60-61页
        2.1.1.6 Preparation of Single Cell Suspension from Tumors第61页
        2.1.1.7 Cell Culture第61-62页
        2.1.1.8 Flow Cytometry第62-63页
        2.1.1.9 Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR)第63-65页
            2.1.1.9.1 Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)第64页
            2.1.1.9.2 Statistical analysis第64-65页
    2.1.2 Results第65-74页
        2.1.2.1 β-Glucan Induces the Up-Regulation of GITRL on BMDCs via Dectin-1第65-66页
        2.1.2.2 Increased GITRL Expression on BMDCs by β-glucan Impairs Treg-mediated Suppressive Effect and Enhances Teff Proliferation第66-67页
        2.1.2.3 Th17 Cell Generation is Enhanced in GITRL Treated Mice in vitro第67-68页
        2.1.2.4 GITRL expression on BMDCs are markedly augmented and tumor progression is delayed after β-glucan treatment第68-69页
        2.1.2.5 Augmented CD4+IL-17+Tcells Are Induced Following β-Glucan Treatment第69-72页
        2.1.2.6 Expressions of Th17 Signature Molecules is Augmented after β-Glucan Treatment第72-74页
    2.1.3 Discussion第74-78页
Chapter 3 Curdlan Enhances Anti-Tumor Immune Responses by Regulating the Proportion and Function of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Melanoma第78-89页
    3.1.0 Introduction第78-81页
    3.1.1 Materials and Methods第81-83页
        3.1.1.1 Preparation of β-Glucan (Curdlan)第81页
        3.1.1.2 Cell Line, Mice and Tumor Models第81-82页
        3.1.1.3 Preparation of Single Cell Suspensions第82页
        3.1.1.4 Isolation of MDSCs第82页
        3.1.1.5 Flow Cytometry第82页
        3.1.1.6 Detection of Arginase Activity第82-83页
        3.1.1.7 In vitro Proliferation Assays第83页
        3.1.1.8 Data Analysis第83页
    3.1.2 Results第83-86页
        3.1.2.1 Curdlan Reduces The Number and arginase level of MDSCs In Vitro第83-85页
        3.1.2.2 Curdlan Treatment Reduces MDSC Proportions and Delays Tumor Growth第85-86页
    3.1.3 Discussion第86-89页
Chapter 4 FCPS Up-Regulate Dectin-1 on Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells via Syk and Enhances DC Maturation and Proliferation of Effector T cells第89-102页
    4.1.0 Introduction第89-91页
    4.1.1 Materials and Methods第91-94页
        4.1.1.1 FCPS (Ficus carica polysaccharide)第91页
        4.1.1.2 Bone Marrow-derived DC (BMDC)第91-92页
        4.1.1.3 Cell Culture第92页
        4.1.1.4 Western blot analysis第92页
        4.1.1.5 Flow Cytometry第92-93页
        4.1.1.6 Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT- PCR)第93-94页
        4.1.1.7 Statistical analysis第94页
    4.1.2 Results第94-100页
        4.1.2.1 Dectin-1 expression on BMDC第94-95页
        4.1.2.2 FCPS induces Syk activation to bind Dectin-1 in BMDCs第95-96页
        4.1.2.3 FCPS Stimulation of BMDCs Enhances Increased Expressions of Inflammatory Factors第96页
        4.1.2.4 FCPS promotes DC maturation via Dectin-1第96-99页
        4.1.2.5 FCPS Stimulated BMDCs Show Increased T Effector Cell Proliferation第99-100页
    4.1.3 Discussion第100-102页
Chapter 5第102-108页
    5.1.0 Main Conclusions第102-105页
    5.1.1 Main Innovations第105页
    5.1.2 Research Prospects第105-108页
References第108-130页
Publications第130-132页
Acknowledgments第132页

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