| Acknowledgements | 第1-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5-7页 |
| 摘要 | 第7-11页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第11-16页 |
| ·The significance of studying pragmatic failure | 第11-12页 |
| ·The purpose of this thesis | 第12-14页 |
| ·The organization of this thesis | 第14-16页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature review | 第16-27页 |
| ·The status quo of pragmatic failure | 第16-19页 |
| ·Studies of pragmatic failure abroad | 第16-17页 |
| ·Studies of pragmatic failure in China | 第17-19页 |
| ·Language, culture, communication and pragmatic failure | 第19-22页 |
| ·Language, culture and cross-cultural communication | 第19-20页 |
| ·Pragmatic failure | 第20-22页 |
| ·Verschueren's adaptation theory | 第22-26页 |
| ·Language choice-making | 第22页 |
| ·Basis of language features | 第22-23页 |
| ·Ingredients of adaptation theory | 第23-26页 |
| ·The research method | 第26-27页 |
| Chapter 3 Survey on pragmatic failure | 第27-54页 |
| ·Failure to adapt to the communication context | 第27-41页 |
| ·Failure to adapt to the language user | 第27-28页 |
| ·Failure to adapt to the mental world | 第28-33页 |
| ·Failure to adapt to the social world | 第33-38页 |
| ·Failure to adapt to the physical world | 第38-41页 |
| ·Failure to adapt to the linguistic reality | 第41-54页 |
| ·Failure to adapt to the sound level | 第42-44页 |
| ·Failure to adapt to the word level | 第44-48页 |
| ·Failure to adapt to the sentence level | 第48-51页 |
| ·Failure to adapt to the discourse level | 第51-54页 |
| Chapter 4 Measures to reduce pragmatic failure | 第54-66页 |
| ·Creating the authentic context in foreign language teaching | 第54-56页 |
| ·Leading students to experience authentic atmosphere | 第55页 |
| ·Inviting foreign teachers | 第55-56页 |
| ·Integrating foreign language teaching with pragmatic knowledge | 第56-59页 |
| ·Teaching context knowledge | 第57-58页 |
| ·Teaching pragmatic principles | 第58-59页 |
| ·Integrating foreign language teaching with culture | 第59-61页 |
| ·The necessity of integrating culture | 第59-60页 |
| ·Principles abode by in cultural teaching | 第60-61页 |
| ·Strengthening intercultural awareness and intercultural sensitivities | 第61-64页 |
| ·Expanding channels to foreign culture | 第62-63页 |
| ·Strengthening cultural contrast | 第63-64页 |
| ·Developing cultural adaptation | 第64-66页 |
| ·Developing cultural empathy | 第64-65页 |
| ·Developing open-mindedness and flexibility | 第65-66页 |
| Chapter 5 Conclusion | 第66-68页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第66页 |
| ·Limitations | 第66-67页 |
| ·Future assumptions | 第67-68页 |
| References | 第68-71页 |
| 攻读硕士学位期间科研成果 | 第71页 |
