| Abstract (in Chinese) | 第5-6页 |
| Abstract (in English) | 第6页 |
| CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION | 第8-18页 |
| 1．1． Overview | 第8-10页 |
| 1．2． Bone Disease | 第10-13页 |
| 1．2．1． Osteoporosis | 第11-12页 |
| 1．2．2． The Role of Trace Elements in Bone disease | 第12-13页 |
| 1．3． Nuclear Techniques Studies on Bone Trace Elements | 第13-17页 |
| 1．3．1． PIXE Studies | 第13-16页 |
| 1．3．2． XAFS Studies | 第16-17页 |
| 1．4． Purpose of the Study | 第17-18页 |
| CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND SAMPLE PREPARATION | 第18-24页 |
| 2．1． Animals Preparation | 第18-21页 |
| 2．2． The Proposed Procedure for Bone Samples Preparation | 第21-22页 |
| 2．3． Preparation of Chemical Composition of Bone | 第22页 |
| 2．4． Preparation of Sperm whale Tooth | 第22-24页 |
| CHAPTER 3: EXPERIMENTAL METHODS | 第24-43页 |
| 3．1．The PIXE technique | 第24-40页 |
| 3．1．1． Basic Principles of PIXE | 第24-25页 |
| 3．1．2． PIXE Experimental Setup and Preparations | 第25-32页 |
| 3．1．2．1． External Beam PIXE | 第25-32页 |
| 3．1．3． Quantitative PIXE Analysis | 第32-34页 |
| 3．1．4． PIXE Spectrum Analysis | 第34-37页 |
| 3．1．5． Specific Difficulties met in External Beam Set-up and Solutions | 第37-40页 |
| 3．2． XAFS Technique | 第40-43页 |
| 3．2．1． The Basic Principles of XAFS Technique | 第40-43页 |
| CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 第43-71页 |
| 4．1． PIXE Investigation on the effects of Age on Bone Mineral Contents | 第43-51页 |
| 4．2． PIXE Investigation on the effects of PTH on Trace Element in Rats | 第51-60页 |
| 4．2．1． The Model of different doses of PTH on Male Rat Bone | 第51-54页 |
| 4．2．2． The Model of different doses of PTH on Female Rat Bone | 第54-58页 |
| 4．2．3． The Model of PTH with extremely high dose on Rat Bone | 第58-60页 |
| 4．3． Preliminary work of XAFS Investigation on the Chemical Composition of Bone | 第60-64页 |
| 4．4． PIXE investigation on the chemical elements of Whale Tooth | 第64-71页 |
| CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION | 第71-73页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第73-75页 |
| REFERENCES | 第75-80页 |
| List of Figures | 第80-82页 |
| List of Tables | 第82-83页 |
| Publications based on this project | 第83-84页 |
| 论文独创性声明‘ | 第84页 |
