| Acknowledgements | 第1-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5-6页 |
| 摘要 | 第6-7页 |
| Table of Contents | 第7-10页 |
| List of Tables | 第10-11页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第11-12页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第12-15页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第15-24页 |
| ·Definition of Risk-taking in Language Learning | 第15-16页 |
| ·Theoretical Foundations of Risk-taking in Language Learning | 第16-19页 |
| ·Affective Filter Hypothesis | 第16-17页 |
| ·Output Hypothesis | 第17-19页 |
| ·Interaction Hypothesis | 第19页 |
| ·Classroom Researches Related to Risk-Taking Behaviors | 第19-24页 |
| ·Researches Abroad | 第19-21页 |
| ·Researches in China | 第21-24页 |
| Chapter Three Methodology | 第24-33页 |
| ·Research Questions | 第24页 |
| ·Subjects | 第24页 |
| ·Instruments | 第24-26页 |
| ·Questionnaire of Risk-taking Behaviors in Classroom Setting | 第24-25页 |
| ·EFL Proficiency Test (TEM-4) | 第25页 |
| ·Picture Description Task | 第25页 |
| ·Interview | 第25-26页 |
| ·Data Collection | 第26-27页 |
| ·Pilot study | 第26页 |
| ·Questionnaire | 第26页 |
| ·Picture Description | 第26-27页 |
| ·TEM-4 scores | 第27页 |
| ·Retrospective Interview | 第27页 |
| ·Data Analysis | 第27-33页 |
| ·Analyzing the Questionnaire | 第27-28页 |
| ·Measurement of General Oral Proficiency | 第28页 |
| ·Measurement of Fluency | 第28-31页 |
| ·Measurement of Accuracy | 第31-33页 |
| Chapter Four Results and Discussions | 第33-47页 |
| ·The Characteristics of Classroom Risk-taking Behaviors | 第33-38页 |
| ·General Risk-taking Behaviors | 第33-35页 |
| ·Differences between Individual Variables of Risk-taking Behavior | 第35-36页 |
| ·Distribution within Individual Variable of Risk-taking Behavior | 第36-38页 |
| ·Variable 1: No hesitancy in using a new linguistic element | 第36-37页 |
| ·Variable 2: Willingness to use complex or difficult linguistic elements | 第37页 |
| ·Variable 3: Tolerance of possible linguistic incorrectness | 第37-38页 |
| ·Variable 5: Psychological perspective | 第38页 |
| ·Classroom Risk-taking Behavior and English Written Proficiency | 第38-39页 |
| ·Classroom Risk-taking Behavior and English Oral Proficiency | 第39-47页 |
| ·Classroom Risk-taking Behavior and General Oral Proficiency | 第40-42页 |
| ·Relationship between General Oral Proficiency and Risk-taking Behaviors | 第40-41页 |
| ·Relationship between Risk-taking Level and General Oral Proficiency | 第41-42页 |
| ·Classroom Risk-taking Behavior and Oral Fluency | 第42-44页 |
| ·Relationship between Classroom Risk-taking and Oral | 第42-43页 |
| ·Relationship between Risk-taking Level and Oral Fluency | 第43-44页 |
| ·Classroom Risk-taking and Oral Accuracy | 第44-47页 |
| ·Relationship between Classroom Risk-taking and Oral | 第44-45页 |
| ·Relationship between Risk-taking Level and Oral Accuracy | 第45-47页 |
| Chapter Five Conclusion | 第47-50页 |
| ·Major Findings | 第47-48页 |
| ·Pedagogical Implication | 第48页 |
| ·Recommendations for Future Research | 第48-49页 |
| ·Limitations of the Study | 第49-50页 |
| References | 第50-54页 |
| Appendix I | 第54-56页 |
| Appendix II | 第56-57页 |
| Appendix III | 第57-58页 |
| Appendix IV | 第58-60页 |
| Appendix V | 第60-61页 |
| Publication | 第61页 |
