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Economy in Language and Language Evolution

Acknowledgement第4-6页
Abstract第6-7页
摘要第8-13页
Chapter 1 Introduction第13-25页
    1.1 The research question of this dissertation第15-21页
        1.1.1 Economy第15页
        1.1.2 Language and language evolution第15-20页
            1.1.2.1 Language第15-18页
            1.1.2.2 Language evolution第18-20页
        1.1.3 Economy in language and language evolution第20-21页
    1.2 Questions this dissertation tries to answer第21-22页
    1.3 The methodology of the research第22-23页
    1.4 The structure of this dissertation第23-25页
Chapter 2 Economy in physical nature, economy in general human behavior, cognitive economy, and linguistic economy第25-47页
    2.1 Physical economy: the principle of least action第26-30页
    2.2 Economy in human behaviors: the principle of least effort第30-32页
    2.3 Cognitive Economy第32-43页
        2.3.1 Categorization第33-38页
        2.3.2 Metaphor第38-41页
        2.3.3 Metonymy第41-43页
    2.4 Linguistic Economy第43-45页
    2.5 Summary第45-47页
Chapter 3 Linguistic economy displayed at various facets language第47-84页
    3.1 Phonetic and phonological economy第47-60页
        3.1.1 Phonetic economy第48-57页
        3.1.2 Phonological economy第57-60页
    3.2 Lexical and semantic economy第60-69页
        3.2.1 Lexical economy第60-67页
        3.2.2 Semantic economy第67-69页
    3.3 Morphological and syntactic economy第69-72页
        3.3.1 Morphological economy第69-70页
        3.3.2 Syntactic economy第70-72页
            3.3.2.1 Grammaticalization第70-71页
            3.3.2.2 Minimalist Program第71-72页
    3.4 Textual and discourse economy第72-77页
        3.4.1 Cohesion and coherence第73-74页
        3.4.2 Iconicity第74-77页
    3.5 Pragmatic economy第77-83页
    3.7 Summary第83-84页
Chapter 4 Linguistic economy in language evolution第84-92页
    4.1 The origin of human language第84-87页
    4.2 Mirror neurons and traces of body in language第87-90页
        4.2.1 The discovery of mirror neurons第87-89页
        4.2.2 The gestural origin of language and the congruence between behavioral economy and linguistic economy第89-90页
    4.3 The role of linguistic economy in language evolution第90-92页
Chapter 5 An economic approach to linguistic behaviors第92-116页
    5.1 Economists’endeavor towards language-related issues第93-98页
        5.1.1 Jacob Marschak第93-94页
        5.1.2 The North American school of the economics of language第94-96页
        5.1.3 The European school of the economics of language第96-97页
        5.1.4 Chinese economists’endeavor towards the economics of language第97-98页
    5.2 Linguists’borrowing economic ideas第98-101页
        5.2.1 Ferdinand de Saussure, Zipf and Martinet第98-100页
        5.2.2 Some Chinese linguists’endeavor towards the economics of language第100-101页
    5.3 The framework of economic approach第101-105页
        5.3.1 Stable preference第101-102页
        5.3.2 The Rational Man hypothesis第102-103页
        5.3.3 The maximizing behavior第103-104页
            5.3.3.1 The maximization of profit第103页
            5.3.3.2 The maximization of utility第103-104页
        5.3.4 Market equilibrium第104-105页
            5.3.4.1 Supply and demand第104页
            5.3.4.2 Equilibrium第104-105页
    5.4 The application of economic analysis第105-107页
        5.4.1 Gary Becker’s work第105-106页
        5.4.2 Ariel Rubinstein’s work第106-107页
    5.5 The feasibility of adopting economic analysis in linguistic research第107-109页
    5.6 Theory of social interaction and the realization of linguistic economy第109-114页
        5.6.1 Altruism第109-111页
        5.6.2 Cooperation第111-112页
        5.6.3 The realization of linguistic economy第112-114页
    5.7 Limitations of economic analysis in linguistic research第114-116页
Chapter 6 Seeming counter-examples of linguistic economy their explanations第116-126页
    6.1 The tongue-twister effect第116-117页
    6.2 The need to retain the expressive power of language第117-119页
    6.3 The clash of economy effort at different facets of language第119-123页
    6.4 The path-dependence effect第123-125页
    6.5 Summary第125-126页
Chapter 7 Conclusion第126-129页
    7.1 Innovations and significance of this dissertation第126-127页
    7.2 Limitations and further directions of the research第127-129页
Bibliography第129-137页

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