| 摘要 | 第6-9页 |
| Abstract | 第9-11页 |
| Ch.1 Introduction | 第16-31页 |
| 1.1 Research background | 第16-20页 |
| 1.1.1 Global climate change and carbon dioxide | 第16-19页 |
| 1.1.2 Challenges and opportunities under climate change | 第19-20页 |
| 1.2 Research progress in marine carbon | 第20-25页 |
| 1.2.1 Achievements in global open seas | 第20-22页 |
| 1.2.2 Research progress in marginal shelf seas | 第22-24页 |
| 1.2.3 Ocean acidification and its influences on marine ecosystem | 第24-25页 |
| 1.3 Carbonate system in seawater | 第25-27页 |
| 1.4 Significance and content of the study | 第27-31页 |
| Ch.2 Materials and methods | 第31-39页 |
| 2.1 Study area | 第31-33页 |
| 2.2 Sampling strategies and analytical procedures | 第33-37页 |
| 2.2.1 pH and alkalinity | 第34-36页 |
| 2.2.2 Other field variables | 第36-37页 |
| 2.3 Calculation of other carbonate variables | 第37页 |
| 2.4 Experiment designed on preservation of pH samples | 第37-39页 |
| Ch.3 Carbonate system characteristics in the Yellow Sea and BohaiSea | 第39-59页 |
| 3.1 Classification of water types | 第39-43页 |
| 3.2 Distribution of all measured variables | 第43-49页 |
| 3.2.1 Distributions of carbonate and hydrological variables | 第43-45页 |
| 3.2.2 Distributions of nutrients and chlorophyll a | 第45-49页 |
| 3.3 Carbonate and hydrochemical characteristics in special transects | 第49-56页 |
| 3.3.1 Vertical distribution of carbonate variables | 第49-53页 |
| 3.3.2 Vertical distribution of hydrochemical variables | 第53-56页 |
| 3.4 Results of the experiment on paralleled pH samples | 第56-57页 |
| 3.5 Summary | 第57-59页 |
| Ch.4 Controlling factors of the carbonate system | 第59-74页 |
| 4.1 Relationships between carbonate variables and environmentalfactors | 第59-63页 |
| 4.2 Carbonate variables in different water types and the influences ofwater mixing | 第63-67页 |
| 4.2.1 A_T versus salinity | 第63-65页 |
| 4.2.2 pH versus salinity | 第65-67页 |
| 4.3 The biological activity and its influence on carbonate system | 第67-69页 |
| 4.4 Characteristics of nutrients and the connection with carbonatechemistry | 第69-71页 |
| 4.5 Influences of other processes | 第71-72页 |
| 4.6 Summary | 第72-74页 |
| Ch.5 Temporal variation of carbonate system and its potential threats | 第74-85页 |
| 5.1 The distribution of pH and hydrological variables in Aug 2015 | 第74-77页 |
| 5.2 Comparison between pH in two cruises | 第77-78页 |
| 5.3 Temporal variation of carbonate system in the surveying area | 第78-82页 |
| 5.4 Variation trend in the future and potential threats | 第82-84页 |
| 5.5 Summary | 第84-85页 |
| Ch.6 Conclusions and prospects | 第85-90页 |
| 6.1 Conclusions of this study | 第85-87页 |
| 6.2 Innovations | 第87-88页 |
| 6.3 Problems under disputing and the prospect | 第88-90页 |
| 结论和展望 | 第90-93页 |
| References | 第93-102页 |
| Appendix | 第102-103页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第103-104页 |
| Research activities during the study period | 第104页 |
