| Abbreviations | 第15-16页 |
| 摘要 | 第16-19页 |
| Summary | 第19-21页 |
| Chapter Ⅰ. Literature Review | 第22-56页 |
| 1.1 Methane as a Greenhouse Gas | 第22页 |
| 1.2 Sources and Sinks of Atmospheric Methane | 第22-23页 |
| 1.3 Estuarine Tidal Flats as Source of Atmospheric Methane | 第23页 |
| 1.4 Factors Affecting Methane Production and Emission in Estuarine wetlands | 第23-25页 |
| 1.5 Methane Producing and Oxidizing Microorganisms | 第25-43页 |
| 1.5.1 Phylogeny of methanogens and methanotrophs | 第25-33页 |
| 1.5.2 Ecology of methanogens and methanotrophs | 第33-36页 |
| 1.5.3 Marker genes of methanogens and methanotrophs | 第36-38页 |
| 1.5.4 Molecular techniques to study methanogens and methanotrophs | 第38-43页 |
| 1.6 Goals of the Study | 第43页 |
| 1.7 References | 第43-56页 |
| Chapter Ⅱ.Materials and Methods | 第56-66页 |
| 2.1 Description of the Study Sites | 第56-57页 |
| 2.2 In Situ Measurements and Sediment Sampling | 第57-58页 |
| 2.3 Chemical Analysis | 第58-59页 |
| 2.4 Molecular Analyses | 第59-63页 |
| 2.4.1 DNA extraction and PCR amplification | 第59-60页 |
| 2.4.2 Quantitative real-time PCR | 第60-61页 |
| 2.4.3 Design of the highly degenerated pmoA/amoA primer | 第61-62页 |
| 2.4.4 Amplification of pmoA and amoA genes from mudflat sediments | 第62页 |
| 2.4.5 Phylogeny and quantification of Crenothrix-related pmoA genes | 第62-63页 |
| 2.5 Attempts for enrichment of Crenothrix from the sediments | 第63页 |
| 2.6 Data analyses | 第63-64页 |
| 2.7 References | 第64-66页 |
| Chapter Ⅲ.Methyl Coenzyme M Reductase A(mcrA)-Gene BasedInvestigation of Methanogens in Mudflat Sediments of Yangtze theRiver Estuary | 第66-88页 |
| 摘要 | 第66-67页 |
| Abstract | 第67-69页 |
| 3.1 Sediment characteristics | 第69-70页 |
| 3.2 Quantification of mcrA and dsrB genes | 第70-73页 |
| 3.3 Analysis of the diversity of mcrA genes | 第73-76页 |
| 3.4 Phylogenetic analysis of mcrA gene sequences | 第76-78页 |
| 3.5 Depth-related distribution of major methanogenic lineages | 第78-79页 |
| 3.6 PCA and environmental cluster analyses | 第79-80页 |
| 3.7 Discussion | 第80-83页 |
| 3.8 Reference | 第83-88页 |
| Chapter Ⅳ.The Effect of Spartina alterniflora Invasion on theStructure of Methanogens and Sulfate-Reducing Microorganisms inEstuarine Marsh Sediments | 第88-118页 |
| 摘要 | 第88-89页 |
| Abstract | 第89-92页 |
| 4.1 Methane flux rates and sediment characteristics | 第92-94页 |
| 4.2 Abundance of methanogens and SRM | 第94-96页 |
| 4.3 Diversity of methanogens and SRM | 第96-99页 |
| 4.4 Phylogenetic analysis of mcrA and dsrB OTUs | 第99-103页 |
| 4.5 Community distribution patterns with S.alterniflora invasion | 第103-106页 |
| 4.6 Comparison of communities at different stands | 第106-109页 |
| 4.7 Discussion | 第109-112页 |
| 4.8 References | 第112-118页 |
| Chapter Ⅴ.Abundance and Diversity of Aerobic Methanotrophs asa Function of Spartina alterniflora invasion in the Tidal Salt Marshof Dongtan | 第118-136页 |
| 摘要 | 第118-119页 |
| Abstract | 第119-122页 |
| 5.1 Methane flux rates and sediment characteristics | 第122页 |
| 5.2 Abundance of methanotrophs | 第122-123页 |
| 5.3 Diversity of methanotrophs | 第123-125页 |
| 5.4 Phylogeny of pmoA OTUs | 第125-127页 |
| 5.5 Relative proportions of pmoA lineages with sampling stands | 第127页 |
| 5.6 PCA analysis | 第127-129页 |
| 5.7 Discussion | 第129-131页 |
| 5.8 References | 第131-136页 |
| Chapter Ⅵ.Crenothrix-Related pmoA Lineages are Abundant in theMudflat Sediments of Yangtze River Estuary | 第136-149页 |
| 摘要 | 第136-137页 |
| Abstract | 第137-139页 |
| 6.1 Analysis of pmoA/amoA sequences in different samples | 第139-141页 |
| 6.2 Analysis of bacterial 16S rDNA sequences from mudflat sediments | 第141-142页 |
| 6.3 Phylogeny of Crenothrix in the mudflat sediments | 第142-143页 |
| 6.4 Quantification of Crenothrix-related pmoA genes | 第143-146页 |
| 6.5 Conclusion and continuing works on Crenothrix | 第146-147页 |
| 6.6 References | 第147-149页 |
| Overall Conclusion and Future Perspectives | 第149-151页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第151-152页 |
| Publication and Conference Presentation | 第152-153页 |
| 附录 | 第153-154页 |
