| 摘要 | 第6-8页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第8-10页 |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | 第16-25页 |
| CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION | 第25-50页 |
| 1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION | 第25-29页 |
| 1.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE | 第29-50页 |
| 1.2.1 Effects of heat stress on some important plant physiology | 第29-31页 |
| 1.2.2 Relation between chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis | 第31页 |
| 1.2.3 Abscisic acid and fluridone | 第31-32页 |
| 1.2.4 Effects of ABA on chlorophyll content | 第32-33页 |
| 1.2.5 Effects of ABA on photosynthesis | 第33-34页 |
| 1.2.6 Effects of hydrogen peroxide mediated by ABA on photosynthesis | 第34页 |
| 1.2.7 Effects of ABA on chlorophyll fluorescence | 第34-35页 |
| 1.2.8 Effects of ABA on photosynthesis in stomatal guard cell | 第35-36页 |
| 1.2.9 ABA enhances reactive oxygen species scavenging under abiotic stresses | 第36页 |
| 1.2.10 Relation between oxidative stress and enzymatic capacity onphotosynthesis | 第36-37页 |
| 1.2.11 Role of ABA in thermal acclimation of plants | 第37-47页 |
| 1.2.12 Strategies to improve the photosynthesis under abiotic stress conditions | 第47-50页 |
| CHAPTER 2 ENHANCEMENT IN ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IMPROVES PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN RICE PLANTS (Oryza sativa L.) | 第50-71页 |
| 2.1 INTRODUCTION | 第50-52页 |
| 2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第52-57页 |
| 2.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions | 第52-53页 |
| 2.2.2 Experimental design | 第53-54页 |
| 2.2.3 Chlorophyll measurement | 第54页 |
| 2.2.4 Gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence measurement | 第54页 |
| 2.2.5 Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation measurement | 第54-55页 |
| 2.2.6 H_2O_2 measurement | 第55页 |
| 2.2.7 ABA measurement | 第55页 |
| 2.2.8 Stomatal aperture determination | 第55-56页 |
| 2.2.9 Rubisco enzyme activity measurement | 第56页 |
| 2.2.10 Quantitative real time PCR analysis | 第56页 |
| 2.2.11 Statistical analysis | 第56-57页 |
| 2.3 RESULTS | 第57-68页 |
| 2.3.1 Leaf phenotype and photosynthesis as well as ABA, H_2O_2, MDA content and antioxidant enzymes activities | 第57-58页 |
| 2.3.2 Effects of ABA, H_2O_2 and their combination on Pn and Cond | 第58-60页 |
| 2.3.3 Changes in contents of endogenous ABA and H_2O_2 of leaf when exogenously sprayed with ABA and H_2O_2 | 第60-61页 |
| 2.3.4 Effects of CAT and ASA on Pn and Cond | 第61-62页 |
| 2.3.5 Effects of ASA and CAT on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and stomatal aperture | 第62-64页 |
| 2.3.6 Effects of ASA and CAT on Rubisco activity and contents of H_2O_2 and MDA | 第64-66页 |
| 2.3.7 Effects of ASA and CAT on antioxidant enzyme activities | 第66页 |
| 2.3.8 Effects of ASA and CAT on relative gene expression | 第66-68页 |
| 2.4 DISCUSSION | 第68-70页 |
| 2.5 CONCLUSION | 第70-71页 |
| CHAPTER 3 TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS ON HIGH PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY SHOWED IN THE FADED-GREEN LEAF RICE | 第71-85页 |
| 3.1 INTRODUCTION | 第71-72页 |
| 3.2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES | 第72-73页 |
| 3.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions | 第72页 |
| 3.2.2 Chlorophyll contents determination | 第72页 |
| 3.2.3 Gas exchanges and chlorophyll fluorescence determination | 第72页 |
| 3.2.4 RNA extraction and sequencing | 第72-73页 |
| 3.2.5 Transcript quantification and differential gene expression analysis | 第73页 |
| 3.2.6 Statistical analysis | 第73页 |
| 3.3 RESULTS | 第73-81页 |
| 3.3.1 Chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and Chl fluorescence basis of leaves | 第73页 |
| 3.3.2 Quality control analysis | 第73-76页 |
| 3.3.3 Deferentially expressed gene analysis | 第76-77页 |
| 3.3.4 Gene ontology analysis | 第77-79页 |
| 3.3.5 Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis | 第79-81页 |
| 3.4 DISCUSSION | 第81-83页 |
| 3.4.1 Leaf color and high photosynthetic efficiency | 第82页 |
| 3.4.2 Differentially expressed genes involved in high photosynthetic efficiency | 第82-83页 |
| 3.5 CONCLUSION | 第83-85页 |
| CHAPTER 4 ABSCISIC ACID PREVENTS POLLEN ABORTION UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS BY MEDIATING SUGAR METABOLISM IN RICE SPIKELETS | 第85-112页 |
| 4.1 INTRODUCTION | 第85-88页 |
| 4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第88-92页 |
| 4.2.1 Experimental set-up | 第88-89页 |
| 4.2.2 Measurement of pollen viability | 第89页 |
| 4.2.3 Spikelet fertility | 第89页 |
| 4.2.4 Measurement of carbohydrates | 第89-90页 |
| 4.2.5 Measurement of ABA | 第90页 |
| 4.2.6 Measurement of adenosine triphosphate | 第90页 |
| 4.2.7 Measurement of antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation | 第90-91页 |
| 4.2.8 Measurement of hydrogen peroxide | 第91页 |
| 4.2.9 Quantitative real-time PCR analysis | 第91页 |
| 4.2.10 Statistical analysis | 第91-92页 |
| 4.3 RESULTS | 第92-106页 |
| 4.3.1 Pollen viability and spikelet fertility | 第92-94页 |
| 4.3.2 NSC, soluble sugar and starch | 第94-95页 |
| 4.3.3 Sucrose, glucose and fructose | 第95-97页 |
| 4.3.4 Levels of ATP and endogenous ABA | 第97-99页 |
| 4.3.5 H_2O_2 and MDA | 第99-101页 |
| 4.3.6 Antioxidant enzymes activities | 第101-103页 |
| 4.3.7 Genes expression levels | 第103-106页 |
| 4.4 DISCUSSION | 第106-111页 |
| 4.4.1 The relationship between pollen viability and endogenous ABA levels in rice spikelets under heat stress | 第106-107页 |
| 4.4.2 Interaction between ABA and sugar metabolism and transport in rice spikelets under heat stress | 第107-108页 |
| 4.4.3 Sucrose metabolism is involved in the conferral of heat tolerance by ABA in rice plants | 第108-109页 |
| 4.4.4 The role of ABA in oxidative homeostasis in spikelets of rice under heat stress | 第109-111页 |
| 4.5 CONCLUSION | 第111-112页 |
| CHAPTER 5 ABA INTERACTS WITH SUCROSE TO ENHANCE GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY THROUGH IMPROVING TREHALOSE METABOLISM IN RICE | 第112-129页 |
| 5.1 INTRODUCTION | 第112-113页 |
| 5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第113-117页 |
| 5.2.1 Plant materials and growth conditions | 第113-114页 |
| 5.2.2 Dry matter weight, grain yield components and rice quality | 第114页 |
| 5.2.3 Observation of pollen tube elongation and grain size | 第114-115页 |
| 5.2.4 Soluble sugar, starch and NSC contents determination | 第115页 |
| 5.2.5 Sucrose, fructose, glucose and trehalose content determination | 第115-116页 |
| 5.2.6 Endogenous phytohormone determination | 第116页 |
| 5.2.7 Determination of key enzymes involved in starch synthesis | 第116页 |
| 5.2.8 RNA extraction and q RT-PCR analysis | 第116-117页 |
| 5.2.9 Statistical analysis | 第117页 |
| 5.3 RESULTS | 第117-126页 |
| 5.3.1 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the grain yield and its components | 第117-118页 |
| 5.3.2 Pollen tube elongation, grain size and quality | 第118-119页 |
| 5.3.3 Effects of ABA and sucrose on dry matter weight accumulation and allocation | 第119页 |
| 5.3.4 Effects of ABA and sucrose on soluble sugar, starch and NSC content | 第119-121页 |
| 5.3.5 Effects of ABA and sucrose on sucrose, fructose and glucose content | 第121页 |
| 5.3.6 Effects of ABA and sucrose on phytohormones content in leaf, sheath and stem and grain | 第121-123页 |
| 5.3.7 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the key enzyme activities involved in grain filling | 第123页 |
| 5.3.8 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the sugar metabolism and transport in leaf, sheath and stem and grain | 第123-125页 |
| 5.3.9 Effects of ABA and sucrose on the trehalose metabolism in grains | 第125-126页 |
| 5.4 DISCUSSION | 第126-128页 |
| 5.4.1The interaction between ABA and sucrose on grain yield and quality of rice at the grain filling stage | 第126-127页 |
| 5.4.2 Relations between ABA and others phytohormone on grain yield of rice at the grain filling stage | 第127-128页 |
| 5.5 CONCLUSION | 第128-129页 |
| CHAPTER 6 MAJOR FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS | 第129-131页 |
| 6.1 Major findings | 第129-130页 |
| 6.2 Recommendations | 第130-131页 |
| REFERENCES | 第131-167页 |
| APPENDICES | 第167-170页 |
| LIST OF PUBLICATIONS DURING PHD STUDY | 第170-171页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第171-173页 |
| AUTHOR RESUME | 第173页 |
