| Acknowledgement | 第4-5页 |
| Abstract | 第5-6页 |
| 摘要 | 第7-9页 |
| 目录 | 第9-16页 |
| List of Tables | 第16-17页 |
| List of Figure | 第17-18页 |
| Abbreviation | 第18-19页 |
| Chapter 1 Introducton | 第19-29页 |
| 1.1 Definition of ecommerce | 第20-24页 |
| 1.2 Background of the study | 第24-25页 |
| 1.3 Statement of the Problem | 第25-26页 |
| 1.4 Significant of the study | 第26页 |
| 1.5 Objective of the study | 第26-27页 |
| 1.6 Scope of the study | 第27-29页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review | 第29-70页 |
| 2.0 Introduction | 第29页 |
| 2.1 E-commerce History and Its Adoption in SMEs-the Global Context | 第29-36页 |
| 2.1.2 Potential Benefits of E-commerce to SMEs | 第30-31页 |
| 2.1.3 E-commerce Readiness for SMEs | 第31-32页 |
| 2.1.4 Globalization and Its Impact on SME E-commerce Adoption | 第32-35页 |
| 2.1.5 The Digital Divide and E-commerce Adoption in SMEs | 第35-36页 |
| 2.2 Reasons for Adoption of e-commerce by SMEs | 第36-47页 |
| 2.2.1 Reviewing E-commerce Adoption Factors in SMEs | 第37-47页 |
| 2.2.1.1 Individual Factors | 第37-40页 |
| 2.2.1.2 Organizational Factors | 第40-44页 |
| 2.2.1.3 Technological Factors | 第44-45页 |
| 2.2.1.4 Environmental Factors | 第45-47页 |
| 2.4 E-commerce Development in Organizations | 第47-58页 |
| 2.5 Theoretical Foundations in E-commerce Adoption Research | 第58-68页 |
| 2.5.1 The Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB) | 第58-59页 |
| 2.5.2 Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) | 第59-60页 |
| 2.5.3 The Technology-Organization-Environment(TOE)Framework | 第60页 |
| 2.5.4 The Perceived e-Readiness Model(PERM) | 第60-62页 |
| 2.5.5 Diffusion of Innovation Theory(DIT) | 第62-64页 |
| 2.5.6 The Resource-Based Theory(RBT) | 第64-68页 |
| 2.5.6.1 Combining the Resource-Based Theory and Contextualism | 第66-67页 |
| 2.5.6.2 Theory of Contextualism | 第67-68页 |
| 2.6 The Application of Theory in E-commerce Adoption | 第68页 |
| 2.7 Summary and Conclusion | 第68-70页 |
| Chapter 3 Tanzania and ICT Development | 第70-99页 |
| 3.1 The Tanzania Landscape | 第70-71页 |
| 3.2 Small and Medium Enterprises(SMES) | 第71-83页 |
| 3.2.1 SME Development in Tanzania | 第75-77页 |
| 3.2.2 Government Efforts | 第77-78页 |
| 3.2.3 Institutions | 第78-80页 |
| 3.2.4 E.Readiness | 第80-81页 |
| 3.2.5 The Networked Readiness Index | 第81-83页 |
| 3.3 Tanzania and the Networked Readiness Index | 第83-86页 |
| 3.4 Ecommerce Environment in Tanzania | 第86-88页 |
| 3.5 Rationale for SME development Policy | 第88-97页 |
| 3.6 Summary and Conclusion | 第97-99页 |
| Chapter 4 Research Paradigm and Methodology | 第99-126页 |
| 4.1 problem and purpose overview | 第99-100页 |
| 4.2 Population and Sample | 第100-101页 |
| 4.3 Research Methodology | 第101-102页 |
| 4.4 Data Characteristics | 第102页 |
| 4.4.1 Quantitative versus Qualitative data | 第102页 |
| 4.4.2 Data Collection Methods | 第102页 |
| 4.5 Conceptual Framework and its Development | 第102-109页 |
| 4.6 Questionnaire Design | 第109页 |
| 4.7 Data analysis | 第109-110页 |
| 4.8 Principles for Evaluation of the Study | 第110-111页 |
| 4.9 Principles for Conducting and Evaluating Interpretive Field Research | 第111-119页 |
| 4.9.1 The Fundamental Principle of the Hermeneutic Circle | 第111-112页 |
| 4.9.2 The Principle of Contextualism | 第112-113页 |
| 4.9.3 The Principle of Interaction between Researcher(s) and Subjects | 第113-114页 |
| 4.9.4 The Principle of Abstraction and Generalization | 第114-115页 |
| 4.9.5 The Principle of Dialogical Reasoning | 第115-117页 |
| 4.9.6 The Principle of Multiple Interpretations | 第117-118页 |
| 4.9.7 The Principle of Suspicion | 第118-119页 |
| 4.10 Contribution to Knowledge | 第119页 |
| 4.11 Ethical Considerations | 第119-121页 |
| 4.12 Population of the Study | 第121页 |
| 4.13 Methodological Limitations | 第121-124页 |
| 4.14 Data Analysis and Presentation | 第124页 |
| 4.15 Research Timeline | 第124页 |
| 4.16 Summary and Conclusion | 第124-126页 |
| Chapter 5 Research Implementation | 第126-140页 |
| 5.0 Introduction | 第126页 |
| 5.1 Research Planning Issues | 第126-132页 |
| 5.1.1 The Researcher's Background | 第126-127页 |
| 5.1.2 The Researcher's Role in this Study | 第127-129页 |
| 5.1.3 Time Horizons | 第129页 |
| 5.1.4 Sampling Method | 第129-132页 |
| 5.1.4.1 Purposive Sampling Method | 第129-131页 |
| 5.1.4.2 Choice of Industry | 第131页 |
| 5.1.4.3 Number of Cases to study | 第131-132页 |
| 5.2 Data Collection Procedures | 第132-138页 |
| 5.2.1 The Interview Process | 第132-135页 |
| 5.2.2 Website Analysis | 第135-136页 |
| 5.2.3 Direct Observation | 第136页 |
| 5.2.4 The Local Business Environment Scanning | 第136页 |
| 5.2.5 Introductory Preview of the Selected Cases | 第136-138页 |
| 5.2.5.1 Tourist Firms | 第137页 |
| 5.2.5.2 Electronic and Electric Industry | 第137页 |
| 5.2.5.3 Service and Maintenance Firms | 第137-138页 |
| 5.2.5.4 Manufacturing Industry | 第138页 |
| 5.2.5.5 Electricity and power production | 第138页 |
| 5.4 Summary and Conclusion | 第138-140页 |
| Chapter 6 Presentation of Case Findings | 第140-204页 |
| 6.0 Introduction | 第140页 |
| 6.1 Tourism Firms | 第140-147页 |
| 6.1.1 The Nature and Characteristic of Business Environment | 第140-141页 |
| 6.1.2 Use of ICT and Web-based Applications | 第141-143页 |
| 6.1.3 Managerial Characteristics and Perception of E-Commerce | 第143页 |
| 6.1.4 Factors Affecting E-commerce Adoption | 第143-144页 |
| 6.1.5 How Factors Interact to Determine the Extent of E-commerce Adoption | 第144-146页 |
| 6.1.6 The Role of the Local Business Environment | 第146-147页 |
| 6.1.7 Summary of Research Findings at Tourism Firms | 第147页 |
| 6.2 Electronics and electric Firms | 第147-158页 |
| 6.2.1 The Nature and Characteristic of Business Environment | 第147-148页 |
| 6.2.2 Use of ICT and Web-based Applications | 第148-151页 |
| 6.2.3 Managerial Characteristics and Perception of E-commerce | 第151-152页 |
| 6.2.4 Factors Affecting E-commerce Adoption | 第152-153页 |
| 6.2.5 How Factors Interact to Determine the Extent of E-commerce Adoption | 第153-157页 |
| 6.2.6 The Role of the Local Business Environment | 第157页 |
| 6.2.7 Summary of Research Findings at Electronic and electric Firms | 第157-158页 |
| 6.3 Electricity and power firms | 第158-166页 |
| 6.3.1 The Nature and Characteristic of Business Environment | 第158-159页 |
| 6.3.2 Use of ICT and Web-based Applications | 第159-160页 |
| 6.3.3 Managerial Characteristics and Perception of E-commerce | 第160页 |
| 6.3.4 Factors Affecting E-Commerce Adoption | 第160-162页 |
| 6.3.5 How Factors Interact to Determine the Extent of E-commerce Adoption | 第162-165页 |
| 6.3.6 The Role of the Local Business Environment | 第165页 |
| 6.3.7 Summary of Research Findings at Electricity and power Firms | 第165-166页 |
| 6.4 Woods and its products | 第166-173页 |
| 6.4.1 The Nature and Characteristic of Business Environment | 第166-167页 |
| 6.4.2 Use of ICT and Web-based Applications | 第167-168页 |
| 6.4.3 Managerial Characteristics and Perception of E-Commerce | 第168-169页 |
| 6.4.4 Factors affecting E-commerce Adoption | 第169-170页 |
| 6.4.5 How Factors Interact to Determine the Extent of E-commerce Adoption | 第170-172页 |
| 6.4.6 The Role of the Local Business Environment | 第172页 |
| 6.4.7 Summary of Research Findings at Woods and its product Firms | 第172-173页 |
| 6.5 Service and Maintenance Firms | 第173-184页 |
| 6.5.1 The Nature and Characteristic of Business Environment | 第173-174页 |
| 6.5.2 Use of ICT and Web-based Applications | 第174-178页 |
| 6.5.3 Managerial Characte ristics and Perception of E-commerce | 第178页 |
| 6.5.4 Factors Affecting E-commerce Adoption | 第178-180页 |
| 6.5.5 How Factors Interact to Determine the Extent of E-commerce Adoption | 第180-183页 |
| 6.5.7 Summary of Research Findings at Service and maintenance firms | 第183-184页 |
| 6.6 Paper Products and Printing Firms | 第184-195页 |
| 6.6.1 The Nature and Characteristic of Business Environment | 第184-185页 |
| 6.6.2 Use of ICT and Web-based Applications | 第185-188页 |
| 6.6.3 Managerial Characteristics and Perception of E-commerce | 第188-189页 |
| 6.6.4 Factors Affecting E-commerce Adoption | 第189-190页 |
| 6.6.5 How Factors Interact to Determine the Extent of E-commerce Adoption | 第190-194页 |
| 6.6.6 The Role of the Local Business Environment | 第194页 |
| 6.6.7 Summary of Research Findings at Paper products and printing firms | 第194-195页 |
| 6.7 Food Products and Packing firms | 第195-202页 |
| 6.7.1 The Nature and Characte ristic of Business Environment | 第195-196页 |
| 6.7.2 Use of ICT and Web.based Applications | 第196-197页 |
| 6.7.3 Managerial Characteristics and Perception of E-commerce | 第197页 |
| 6.7.4 Factors Affecting E-Commerce Adoption | 第197-199页 |
| 6.7.5 How Factors Interact to Determine the Extent of E-commerce Adoption | 第199-201页 |
| 6.7.6 The Role of the Local Business Environment | 第201-202页 |
| 6.7.7 Summary of Research Findings at Electricity and power Firms | 第202页 |
| 6.8 Summary | 第202-204页 |
| Chapter 7 Conclusions and Discussion | 第204-260页 |
| 7.1 Discussion | 第204-211页 |
| 7.1.1 The Nature and Characteristic of Tanzania SME E-commerce Environment | 第204-208页 |
| 7.1.2 Use of Website and Web-based Applications | 第208-211页 |
| 7.2 Factors Affecting E-commerce Adoption and Non-Adoption | 第211-221页 |
| 7.2.1 Managerial Characteristics and Perception of E-commerce Adoption | 第211-212页 |
| 7.2.2 Skilled ICT Personnel | 第212页 |
| 7.2.3 Availability and Slow Speed of the Internet | 第212-213页 |
| 7.2.4 Cost of Setting-up and Maintaining Internet Applications | 第213-214页 |
| 7.2.5 Lack of E-commerce Regulation | 第214页 |
| 7.2.6 Access to Payment Facilities | 第214页 |
| 7.2.7 Organizational Culture | 第214-216页 |
| 7.2.8 Customer and Supplier Preferences | 第216页 |
| 7.2.9 Security Concerns | 第216-217页 |
| 7.2.10 The Role of the Local Business Environment | 第217-218页 |
| 7.2.11 The Global Recession and E-commerce Adoption | 第218-221页 |
| 7.4 E-commerce Development in SMEs | 第221-226页 |
| 7.4.1 Progression in E-commerce Adoption | 第221-226页 |
| 7.4.2 Impact of Web 2.0 and Social Networking Media | 第226页 |
| 7.4.3 Non-Adoption of E-commerce in SMEs | 第226页 |
| 7.5 The National E-readiness and the Role of Government | 第226-231页 |
| 7.5.1 Comparison of the Networked Readiness Indexes | 第227-229页 |
| 7.5.1.1 Tanzania and the UK | 第227页 |
| 7.5.1.2 Tanzania and Rwanda | 第227-229页 |
| 7.5.2 The Role of Government in SME E-commerce Adoption | 第229-231页 |
| 7.6 Use of the Conceptual Framework in this Study | 第231-232页 |
| 7.7 Conclusion | 第232-233页 |
| 7.8 Major Research Findings | 第233-241页 |
| 7.8.1 Research Question 1 | 第233-238页 |
| 7.8.2 Research Question 2 | 第238-240页 |
| 7.8.3 Research Question 3 | 第240-241页 |
| 7.9 Research Implications | 第241-247页 |
| 7.9.1 Implications for Research | 第241-243页 |
| 7.9.2 Managerial Implications for Practice | 第243-247页 |
| 7.10 Research Contributions | 第247-250页 |
| 7.10.1 Theoretical Contribution | 第247-249页 |
| 7.10.2 Methodological Contribution | 第249-250页 |
| 7.10.3 Assess critically to the Research Contrlbution | 第250页 |
| 7.11 Future Research Suggestions and Limitations | 第250-252页 |
| 7.12 Strategies for Improving E-commerce Adoption in SMEs | 第252-256页 |
| 7.12.1 The Readiness of the Local Business Environment | 第252-253页 |
| 7.12.2 The Readiness of the Local SMEs | 第253-256页 |
| 7.13 Reflection on Experience of Research | 第256-259页 |
| 7.14 E-commerce Continuity for the Selected SMEs | 第259-260页 |
| References | 第260-272页 |
| Declaration | 第272-273页 |
| Appendices | 第273-278页 |
