| Acknowledgements | 第7-8页 |
| Abstract | 第8-9页 |
| 摘要 | 第10-23页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第23-35页 |
| 1.1 Gas Hydrates | 第23页 |
| 1.2 Gas hydrates instability for geological hazards | 第23-24页 |
| 1.3 Gas hydrate potential in Makran offshore Pakistan | 第24页 |
| 1.4 Work Background | 第24-25页 |
| 1.5 Rock Physics Scenario for gas Hydrates | 第25页 |
| 1.6 Research elaboration with respect to AVO Technique | 第25-26页 |
| 1.7 Attenuation bird eye view to elaborate gas hydrates | 第26页 |
| 1.8 Problem statement and proposed techniques | 第26-28页 |
| 1.9 Thesis layout | 第28-29页 |
| 1.9.1 Section 1 | 第28页 |
| 1.9.2 Section 2 | 第28页 |
| 1.9.3 Section 3 | 第28-29页 |
| 1.10 Objectives | 第29页 |
| 1.11 Geology of Area | 第29-30页 |
| 1.12 Stratigraphy of Area | 第30-31页 |
| 1.13 Hydrocarbon structure and trend in Makran Area | 第31页 |
| 1.14 Reservoir geology | 第31-33页 |
| 1.14.1 Traps | 第32-33页 |
| 1.15 Innovation of thesis | 第33页 |
| 1.16 Major Significance | 第33-34页 |
| 1.17 Benefits | 第34-35页 |
| Chapter 2 Rock Physics Modeling | 第35-57页 |
| 2.1 Rock Physics modeling approaches | 第35-36页 |
| 2.2 Mathematical Work Flow | 第36-40页 |
| 2.3 Variation in bulk density with gas hydrates (part of fluid) and gas saturation | 第40-41页 |
| 2.4 Effect of Gas Hydrates Saturation on Bulk Modulus and Seismic Velocities | 第41-44页 |
| 2.4.1 Bulk modulus of fluids variation | 第41-42页 |
| 2.4.2 Saturated bulk modulus variation response | 第42-44页 |
| 2.5 Velocities Variation Response | 第44-45页 |
| 2.6 P and S wave impedances variation response | 第45-46页 |
| 2.7 Three phase fluid seismic response | 第46-47页 |
| 2.8 Elastic properties variation response when gas hydrates are part of solid | 第47-49页 |
| 2.8.1 Bulk and shear modulus variation response | 第47-48页 |
| 2.8.2 Shear modulus variation response | 第48-49页 |
| 2.8.3 Saturated bulk modulus variation response for solid | 第49页 |
| 2.8.4 Density variation response when hydrate are part of solid | 第49页 |
| 2.9 Seismic response in solid case | 第49-51页 |
| 2.10 Impedances variation response for gas hydrates solid case | 第51-53页 |
| 2.11 Clues about gas hydrates from log data | 第53-55页 |
| 2.12 Validation of Rock physics model | 第55页 |
| 2.13 Conclusive Summary | 第55-57页 |
| Chapter 3 AVO THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION FOR GAS HYDRATES | 第57-75页 |
| 3.1 Reflectivity concept for gas hydrates | 第57-58页 |
| 3.2 Zeoppritz equation | 第58-59页 |
| 3.3 AVO Classes | 第59-60页 |
| 3.4 AVO concept for gas hydrates | 第60页 |
| 3.5 AVO response for Makran Offshore Pakistan | 第60-64页 |
| 3.5.1 Computation lay out for Reflection Coefficient Response when gas hydrates are part offluid | 第61-63页 |
| 3.5.2 Reflectivity response gas hydrates are part of solid | 第63-64页 |
| 3.6 Modified Zeoppritz Equations | 第64-68页 |
| 3.6.1 Mathematical description of AVO approximations is given below | 第65页 |
| 3.6.2 Bortfield approximation | 第65页 |
| 3.6.3 Richard and Faiser approximation | 第65-66页 |
| 3.6.4 Smith and Gidlow approximation | 第66-67页 |
| 3.6.5 Fatti approximation | 第67页 |
| 3.6.6 Shuey Approximation | 第67-68页 |
| 3.6.7 Hilterman approximation | 第68页 |
| 3.7 AVO approximation results for gas hydrates | 第68-75页 |
| Chapter 4 AVO derived attributes for gas hydrates bearing sediments | 第75-87页 |
| 4.1 AVO Attributes | 第75-76页 |
| 4.2 Work Flow | 第76-79页 |
| 4.3 Fluid indicator Coefficient computation | 第79页 |
| 4.4 Derived attributes results | 第79-85页 |
| 4.4.1 Intercept and gradient detail elaboration | 第79-81页 |
| 4.4.2 Poisson reflectivity variation response | 第81-82页 |
| 4.4.3 Fluid factor variation response | 第82-83页 |
| 4.4.4 Pore space modulus and Lamda Rho variation response | 第83-84页 |
| 4.4.5 Fluid Indicator Coefficients (FIC) | 第84-85页 |
| 4.5 Results Theme | 第85-87页 |
| Chapter 5 Seismic attenuation and velocity dispersion for gas hydrates | 第87-100页 |
| 5.1 Attenuation scheme for gas hydrates | 第87-88页 |
| 5.2 Wave Induced Fluid Flow and Relaxation Phenomenon | 第88-90页 |
| 5.2.1 Diffusion length response for gas hydrates | 第89-90页 |
| 5.3 Velocity dispersion and attenuation simulation scheme | 第90-92页 |
| 5.4 Simulation Results | 第92-96页 |
| 5.4.1 Lower and high frequency seismic response for gas hydrates | 第92-94页 |
| 5.4.2 Lower and high frequency seismic response for gas saturated sediments | 第94-95页 |
| 5.4.3 Fluid difference variation response for lower and higher frequency domain | 第95页 |
| 5.4.4 P wave modulus and velocities relative difference response two frequency domain | 第95-96页 |
| 5.5 Seismic attenuation and velocity Dispersion | 第96-100页 |
| 5.5.1 Attenuation and velocity dispersion response for gas hydrates | 第96-98页 |
| 5.5.2 Velocity dispersion attenuation response for gas saturated sediments | 第98-100页 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusions | 第100-103页 |
| Recommendations | 第102-103页 |
| Papers Published from thesis | 第103-104页 |
| Reference | 第104-112页 |
