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粘菌素耐药基因(mcr)的分子流行病学和传播特性的研究

ABSTRACT第2-5页
摘要第6-16页
LIST OF ABBREVIATION AND SYMBOLS第16-17页
CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW第17-51页
    1.0 INTRODUCTION第17页
    1.1 ESCHERICHIA COLI第17-22页
        1.1.1 Biology and biochemistry第17-18页
        1.1.2 Diversity of E. coli strains第18-19页
        1.1.3 Genomics第19-20页
        1.1.4 Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains第20-21页
        1.1.5 Antibiotic therapy and resistance第21-22页
    1.2 ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE第22-28页
        1.2.1 Definition第22-23页
        1.2.2 Modes of antimicrobial action第23-24页
        1.2.3 Types of resistance第24-26页
        1.2.4 Mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobials第26-28页
    1.3 RESISTANCE AGAINST COLISTIN第28-35页
        1.3.1 Colistin action on Enteobacteriaceae第28-29页
        1.3.2 Mechanisms of Enterobacteriaceae resistance to colistin第29-31页
        1.3.3 Epidemiology of colistin resistance genes第31-35页
    1.4 ROLE OF FLIES IN TRANSMITTING PATHOGENS AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCEGENES第35-37页
    REFERENCE第37-51页
CHAPTER 2: ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN CLINICAL ESCHERICHLA COLIISOLATES FROM POULTRY AND LIVESTOCK, CHINA第51-65页
    2.1 INTRODUCTION第52-53页
    2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS第53-54页
        2.2.1 Bacterial isolates第53页
        2.2.2 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing第53-54页
        2.2.3 Statistical analysis第54页
    2.3 RESULTS第54-57页
    2.4 DISCUSSION第57-60页
    REFERENCE第60-65页
CHAPTER 3: GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANTCLINICAL ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM POULTRY AND LIVESTOCK,CHINA第65-85页
    3.1 INTRODUCTION第66-67页
    3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS第67-70页
        3.2.1 Bacterial strains第67-68页
        3.2.2 Genome sequencing and assembly第68-69页
        3.2.3 Identification of resistance genes第69页
        3.2.4 MLS Typing and virulence typing第69-70页
        3.2.5 Presence of plasmids第70页
    3.3 RESULT第70-76页
        3.3.1 Antibiotic resistance genes第70-73页
        3.3.2 Prevalence of plasmid replicons第73-74页
        3.3.3 Virulence genes and multilocus sequence type (MLST)第74-76页
    3.4 DISCUSSION第76-79页
    REFERENCE第79-85页
CHAPTER 4: DETECTION OF THE COLISTIN-RESISTANCE GENE MCR-1 INSAMPLES FROM CATTLE, DOGS, PEOPLE, PIGS, AND POULTRY IN CHINA第85-103页
    4.1 INTRODUCTION第86-87页
    4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS第87-93页
        4.2.1 Ethics statement第87页
        4.2.2 Swabs from cattle, dogs, pigs, people and poultry第87页
        4.2.3 DNA extraction第87-88页
        4.2.4 PCR assay第88-93页
    4.3 RESULTS第93-97页
        4.3.1 Establishment of the mcr-1 qPCR and the total-bacteria qPCR第93页
        4.3.2 Prevalence of mcr-1 in swabs from poultry, pigs, cattle, dogs and people第93-96页
        4.3.3 Quantification of mcr-1 in swabs from poultry, pigs, cattle, dogs and people第96-97页
    4.4 DISCUSSION第97-100页
    REFERENCE第100-103页
CHAPTER 5: HOUSEFLY (MUSCA DOMESTICA) AND BLOW FLY(PROTOPHORMIA TERRAENOVAE) AS VECTORS OF COLISTIN RESISTANCEGENES-CARRYING BACTERIA第103-135页
    5.1 INTRODUCTION第104页
    5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS第104-109页
        5.2.1 Flies第104-105页
        5.2.2 Bacterial isolates from flies第105页
        5.2.3 DNA extraction第105页
        5.2.4 PCR assays第105-108页
        5.2.5 Susceptibility testing第108-109页
        5.2.6 Phylogenetic analysis第109页
    5.3 RESULTS第109-124页
        5.3.1 Flies第109页
        5.3.2 Bacterial isolates from flies第109页
        5.3.3 Development of mcr-l-qPCR, mcr-2-qPCR, and mcr-3-qPCR第109-110页
        5.3.4 Prevalence of the mcr-1,mcr-2 and mcr-3 in flies第110页
        5.3.5 Prevalence of the mcr-1, mcr-2 and mcr-3 in bacterial isolates第110-113页
        5.3.6 Susceptibility testing第113-114页
        5.3.7 Phylogenetic comparison第114-124页
    5.4 DISCUSSION第124-128页
    REFERENCE第128-135页
CHAPTER 6: IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MCR MEDIATEDCOLISTIN RESISTANCE IN PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI FROM POULTRYAND LIVESTOCK IN CHINA第135-160页
    6.1 INTRODUCTION第136-137页
    6.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS第137-142页
        6.2.1 Bacterial isolates第137页
        6.2.2 DNA extraction第137-138页
        6.2.3 mcr-1,mcr-2 and mcr-3 qPCRs第138-140页
        6.2.4 E. coli FRET-qPCR第140-141页
        6.2.5 Colistin susceptibility testing第141页
        6.2.6 Determination of in vitro maintenance and transfer of mcr-1 in the presenceand absence of colistin第141-142页
        6.2.7 Statistical analysis第142页
    6.3 RESULTS第142-147页
        6.3.1 Development of 第142-143页
        6.3.2 Prevalence of the mcr-1 in pathogenic E. coli第143页
        6.3.3 Susceptibility testing第143页
        6.3.4 Differentiation of E. coli strain E249 (mcr-1 positive) and E254 (mcr-1negative) with a gyrA FRET-qPCR第143-144页
        6.3.5 Determination of in vitro maintenance and transfer of mcr-1 in the presenceand absence of colistin第144-147页
    6.4 DISCUSSION第147-150页
    REFERENCE第150-160页
CONCLUSIONS OF THIS STUDY第160-162页
List of Publication第162-163页
Acknowledgements第163-164页

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