| 摘要 | 第1-4页 |
| Abstract | 第4-7页 |
| Chapter 1.Introduction | 第7-9页 |
| Chapter 2.Literature Review | 第9-19页 |
| ·Definitions of refusal, refusing strategy and semantic formula | 第9-11页 |
| ·Face, Facework and linguistic politeness | 第11-13页 |
| ·Previous studies on refusal | 第13-19页 |
| ·Rubin’s study | 第14页 |
| ·Beebe et al’s study | 第14-15页 |
| ·Liao’s study | 第15-16页 |
| ·Chen’s study | 第16-17页 |
| ·Clancy’s study | 第17页 |
| ·Zhang’s study | 第17-18页 |
| ·Other studies on refusals | 第18-19页 |
| Chapter 3.Theoretical Framework | 第19-27页 |
| ·Speech act theory | 第19页 |
| ·Indirect speech acts | 第19-22页 |
| ·Searle’s theory of indirect speech acts | 第19-21页 |
| ·Other theories of indirect speech acts | 第21-22页 |
| ·Politeness | 第22-27页 |
| ·Brown ＆Levinson’s politeness theory | 第23-24页 |
| ·Leech’s politeness principle | 第24-25页 |
| ·Politeness in China and America | 第25-27页 |
| Chapter 4. Investigation Method | 第27-29页 |
| ·Subjects | 第27页 |
| ·Method adopted | 第27-28页 |
| ·Data Analysis | 第28-29页 |
| Chapter 5. Results and Discussion | 第29-49页 |
| ·The selection of semantic formulas: indirectness | 第29-34页 |
| ·Differences in indirectness caused by the relation between interlocutors | 第29-32页 |
| ·Differences in indirectness caused by Power | 第32-34页 |
| ·Differences in indirectness in the refusing of family members | 第34页 |
| ·A contrast of the formulas used by C and EA | 第34-37页 |
| ·A comparison of the contents of the refusal strategies adopted | 第37-39页 |
| ·Politeness principle and refusals of Cs and EAs | 第39-40页 |
| ·The relationship between selection of certain formulas and politeness | 第40-44页 |
| ·A contrast of Chinese and American cultures concerning refusals | 第44-46页 |
| ·Collectivity VS. Individualism | 第44-45页 |
| ·Equality VS. Confucius’s ranking theory | 第45-46页 |
| ·The doctrine of the golden mean of Chinese | 第46页 |
| ·Context and refusal | 第46-49页 |
| ·Context and communication | 第46-47页 |
| ·Context and refusal | 第47-49页 |
| Chapter 6. Conclusion | 第49-51页 |
| ·Findings | 第49-50页 |
| ·Limitations | 第50-51页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第51-53页 |
| Bibliography | 第53-56页 |
| Appendix A Semantic Taxonomy | 第56-58页 |
| Appendix B Discourse Completion Task Questionnaire | 第58-62页 |
| Publication | 第62-63页 |
