| ABSTRACT | 第5-7页 |
| 摘要 | 第8-10页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第10-22页 |
| CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION | 第22-40页 |
| 1.1 BACKGROUND | 第22-27页 |
| 1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT | 第27-28页 |
| 1.3 RATIONALE | 第28-29页 |
| 1.4 GENERAL RESEARCH QUESTIONS | 第29-30页 |
| 1.5 SPECIFIC RESEARCH QUESTIONS | 第30-31页 |
| 1.6 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK | 第31-32页 |
| 1.7 CHAPTER OVERVIEW | 第32-35页 |
| 1.8 VALUE OF STUDY | 第35-36页 |
| 1.9 KEY DEFINITIONS | 第36-38页 |
| 1.10 CONCLUSION | 第38-40页 |
| CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK | 第40-55页 |
| 2.1 INTRODUCTION | 第40-41页 |
| 2.2. TECHNOLOGICAL DETERMINISM AND SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM | 第41-44页 |
| 2.3 INTERNET AS TECHNOLOGY | 第44-47页 |
| 2.4. TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE | 第47-48页 |
| 2.5. INDIVIDUALISM AND COLLECTIVISM | 第48-51页 |
| 2.6 INDIVIDUALISM/COLLECTIVISM AND SELF-ORIENTATION | 第51-52页 |
| 2.7. SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES AND SOCIALIZATION | 第52-54页 |
| 2.8. THEORETICAL THESIS | 第54-55页 |
| CHAPTER 3 UNDERSTANDING ADDICTION:TOWARDS A BIOPSYCHOSOCIALPERSPECTIVE OF ADDICTION | 第55-75页 |
| 3.1 INTRODUCTION | 第55-56页 |
| 3.2 BIOLOGICAL/MEDICINAL PERSPECTIVE OF ADDICTION | 第56-60页 |
| 3.3 PSYCHOLOGICAL/PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF ADDICTION | 第60-68页 |
| 3.3.1 Addiction and voluntary action | 第62-65页 |
| 3.3.2 Addiction,Compulsivity and Impulsivity | 第65-68页 |
| 3.4 SOCIAL/CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE OF ADDICTION | 第68-73页 |
| 3.5 CONCLUSION | 第73-75页 |
| CHAPTER 4 BEHAVIOURAL ADDICTIONS | 第75-93页 |
| 4.0. INTRODUCTION | 第75-76页 |
| 4.1 CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING BEHAVIOURAL ADDICTIONS | 第76-78页 |
| 4.2 ADDICTIVE OR MISUSE | 第78-79页 |
| 4.3 THEORIES IN SUPPORT OF BEHAVIOURAL ADDICTIONS | 第79-83页 |
| 4.3.1 Biological/medicinal perspective | 第80-82页 |
| 4.3.1.1 The Reward/Executive Function model | 第80-81页 |
| 4.3.1.2 Vulnerability of decision making system model | 第81页 |
| 4.3.1.3 Cellular Memory model | 第81-82页 |
| 4.3.2 Psychological Perspective | 第82页 |
| 4.3.3 Social and Cultural Factors | 第82-83页 |
| 4.4 FORMS OF BEHAVIOURAL ADDICTIONS | 第83-90页 |
| 4.4.1 Gambling | 第85-86页 |
| 4.4.2 Gaming | 第86-87页 |
| 4.4.3 Internet Addiction | 第87-89页 |
| 4.4.4 Online Sex Addiction | 第89-90页 |
| 4.5 CONCLUSION | 第90-93页 |
| CHAPTER 5 SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION-LITERATURE REVIEW | 第93-122页 |
| 5.1 INTRODUCTION | 第93-95页 |
| 5.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES | 第95-97页 |
| 5.3 STUDIES ON SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION | 第97-100页 |
| 5.4 SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION AND BROAD PERSONALITY TRAITS | 第100-104页 |
| 5.4.1 Extraversion | 第101-102页 |
| 5.4.2 Agreeableness | 第102页 |
| 5.4.3 Conscientiousness | 第102-103页 |
| 5.4.4 Neuroticism | 第103页 |
| 5.4.5 Openness | 第103-104页 |
| 5.5 SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION AND NARROW PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAITS | 第104-108页 |
| 5.5.1 Social interaction skills | 第104-105页 |
| 5.5.2 Locus of control | 第105-106页 |
| 5.5.3 Loneliness and lack of social support | 第106-107页 |
| 5.5.4 Happiness | 第107-108页 |
| 5.6 MOTIVES FOR SOCIAL NETWORKING | 第108-110页 |
| 5.6.1 Assumptions of the Uses and Gratification theory | 第108-110页 |
| 5.6.2 Intrinsic and Extrinsic motives for using social networking sites | 第110页 |
| 5.7 CULTURAL DIFFERENCE IN USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES | 第110-118页 |
| 5.7.1 The state of excessive use of Twitter in UK students | 第114-116页 |
| 5.7.2 Similarities with Chinese sample | 第116-117页 |
| 5.7.3 Differences with Chinese sample | 第117-118页 |
| 5.8 CONCLUSION | 第118-122页 |
| CHAPTER 6 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS | 第122-139页 |
| 6.1 INTRODUCTION | 第122-123页 |
| 6.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS,HYPOTHESES,INDEPENDENT VARIABLE AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES | 第123-127页 |
| 6.2.1 Research Questions | 第124页 |
| 6.2.2 Hypotheses | 第124-127页 |
| 6.2.3 Independent and dependent variables | 第127页 |
| 6.3 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN | 第127-130页 |
| 6.4 STUDY POPULATION,SAMPLE SIZES AND DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES | 第130-136页 |
| 6.5 Ethics statement | 第136页 |
| 6.6 Data reduction and analysis | 第136-138页 |
| 6.7 CONCLUSION | 第138-139页 |
| CHAPTER 7 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE SOCIAL NETWORKINGADDICTION SCALE(SNAS) | 第139-170页 |
| 7.1 INTRODUCTION | 第139-142页 |
| 7.2 PHASE ONE OF DEVELOPING THE SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION SCALE(SNAS) | 第142-148页 |
| 7.2.1 Results of Phase one | 第143-148页 |
| 7.3 PHASE 2 OF DEVELOPING SNAS-QUANTITATIVE DATA | 第148-165页 |
| 7.3.1 Measures | 第149-150页 |
| 7.3.2 Data analysis | 第150-151页 |
| 7.3.3 Results | 第151-165页 |
| 7.3.3.1 Psychometric properties of the SNAS—Sample 1 | 第151-156页 |
| 7.3.3.2 Psychometric properties of the SNAS—Sample 2 | 第156-160页 |
| 7.3.3.3 College students' addictive use of WeChat—Sample 2 | 第160-163页 |
| 7.3.3.3.1 Gender difference | 第160页 |
| 7.3.3.3.2 Age difference | 第160-161页 |
| 7.3.3.3.3 Standard of problematic use of WeChat among college students | 第161-162页 |
| 7.3.3.3.4 Characteristics of WeChat use and addictive use of WeChat | 第162-163页 |
| 7.3.3.4 Addictive use of WeChat,excessive use of Weibo and problematic use of mobile phones | 第163页 |
| 7.3.3.5 Addictive use of WeChat,social interaction and locus of control | 第163-165页 |
| 7.4. DISCUSSION | 第165-168页 |
| 7.4.1 Psychometric properies of the SNAS | 第165页 |
| 7.4.2 Age | 第165-166页 |
| 7.4.3 Gender | 第166-167页 |
| 7.4.4 Addictive use of WeChat,locus of control and social interaction | 第167-168页 |
| 7.4.5 Addictive use of WeChat,excessive use of Weibo and problematic use of mobile phones | 第168页 |
| 7.5. CONCLUSION | 第168-170页 |
| CHAPTER 8 MOTIVATION FOR AND ADDICTIVE USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKINGSITES IN CHINA,MALAWI AND UK:DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS | 第170-217页 |
| 8.1. INTRODUCTION | 第170-172页 |
| 8.2. DEMOGRAPHICS,SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES,GADGETS AND IMPORTANCE OF AND DEPENDENCE ON SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES | 第172-176页 |
| 8.3 DIFFERENCE IN LENGTH OF USING SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES | 第176-179页 |
| 8.4 DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION | 第179-193页 |
| 8.4.1 Reliability of the SNAS in China,Malawi,and UK | 第181-182页 |
| 8.4.2 Confirmatory Factor Analyses of SNAs in China,Malawi and UK | 第182-187页 |
| 8.4.3 Measurement Invariance of SNSA | 第187-190页 |
| 8.4.3.1 Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis(MGCFA) | 第188-190页 |
| 8.4.4 Results-difference in social networking addiction among China,Malawi and UK | 第190-193页 |
| 8.4.4.1 Differences in SNSA Factors among China,Malawi and UK | 第192-193页 |
| 8.5 ACTIVITIES AND NUMBER OF FRIENDS ON SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES AND SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION | 第193-200页 |
| 8.5.1 Difference in activities predicting social networking addiction | 第195-200页 |
| 8.6 Differences in Motives for using social networking sites | 第200-212页 |
| 8.6.1 Differences in prediction of motives for using social networking sites on social networking addiction among China,Malawi and UK | 第209-212页 |
| 8.7 DIFFERENCES IN PREDICTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ON SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION | 第212-214页 |
| 8.8 CONCLUSION | 第214-217页 |
| CHAPTER 9 PHILOSOPHICAL AND THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS | 第217-228页 |
| 9.1 INTRODUCTION | 第217页 |
| 9.2 ADDICTIVE USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES:A PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSTRUCT | 第217-219页 |
| 9.3 ADDICTIVE USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES:A SOCIAL CONSTRUCT | 第219-221页 |
| 9.4 ADDICTIVE USE OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES:A CULTURAL CONSTRUCT | 第221页 |
| 9.5 THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS | 第221-226页 |
| 9.5.1 Pharmacological nature of technology | 第222-223页 |
| 9.5.2 Technology as dynamic and a condition of existence | 第223-226页 |
| 9.6 CONCLUSION | 第226-228页 |
| CHAPTER 10 MIS-PROMISE OF TECHNOLOGY-CONCLUSION | 第228-249页 |
| 10.1 INTRODUCTION | 第228-229页 |
| 10.2 UNDERSTANDING AND INVESTIGATING SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION | 第229-230页 |
| 10.3 DEVELOPMENT,VALIDATION AND MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE OF THE SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION SCALE(SNAS) | 第230-231页 |
| 10.4 DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION AMONG CHINA,MALAWI AND UK | 第231页 |
| 10.5 DIFFERENCES IN MOTIVATION FOR SOCIAL NETWORKING | 第231-233页 |
| 10.6 DIFFERENCES IN FACTORS PREDICTING SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION AMONG CHINA, MALAWI AND UK | 第233-234页 |
| 10.7 CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIETY AND TECHNOLOGY | 第234-235页 |
| 10.8 BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL FOR TREATING SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION | 第235-242页 |
| 10.8.1 Biological interventions in treating social networking addiction | 第236-237页 |
| 10.8.2 Social relations and affect in treating social networking addiction | 第237-240页 |
| 10.8.3 Cognitive Control and Psychosocial Treatment of social networking addiction | 第240-242页 |
| 10.9 STUDY LIMITATIONS | 第242-243页 |
| 10.10 STUDY CONTRIBUTION | 第243-245页 |
| 10.11 SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE STUDIES | 第245-249页 |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY | 第249-286页 |
| APPENDICES | 第286-332页 |
| APPENDIX 1:QUALITATIVE DATA QUESTIONNAIRE FOR DEVELOPING THE SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION SCALE-ENGLISH AND CHINESE | 第286-288页 |
| APPENDIX 2:DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION SCALE QUESTIONNAIRE:ENGLISH VERSION | 第288-298页 |
| APPENDIX 3:DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOCIAL NETWORKING ADDICTION SCALE QUESTIONNAIRE:CHINESE VERSION | 第298-311页 |
| APPENDIX 4:SOCIAL NETWORKING SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE- ENGLISH VERSION | 第311-321页 |
| APPENDIX 5:SOCIAL NETWORKING SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE- CHINESE VERSION | 第321-332页 |
| PHD DISSEMINATION AND OTHER STUDIES | 第332-334页 |
