| 摘要 | 第6-8页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第8-9页 |
| CHAPTER1 Introduction | 第15-33页 |
| 1.1 Literature Review,Potential role of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Biological Control of Insect Pests | 第15-16页 |
| 1.2 History of biological control and the EPF background | 第16-18页 |
| 1.3 EPF Usage,Benefits and Limitations | 第18-20页 |
| 1.3.1 Efficacy over the Chemical Pesticides usage | 第19页 |
| 1.3.2 EPF infection mode advantages over other Entomopathogens | 第19-20页 |
| 1.4 Habitats and Uses of Entomopathogenic fungi | 第20-21页 |
| 1.5 Characterization of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Biology | 第21-22页 |
| 1.6 An overview on EPF Classification | 第22-24页 |
| 1.7 Dispersal and host specificity of EPF | 第24-26页 |
| 1.8 Myco-bio control of insect pests,progress and development | 第26页 |
| 1.9 Indigenous EPF,a well option for biological control | 第26-27页 |
| 1.10 Current status and economic importance Entomopathogenic Fungi | 第27-29页 |
| 1.10.1 Beauveria Species | 第27页 |
| 1.10.2 Metarhizium Species | 第27-28页 |
| 1.10.3 Isaria Species | 第28-29页 |
| 1.11 Tested insect models in study | 第29-30页 |
| 1.11.1 Rice Weevil(Sitophilus oryzae.) | 第29页 |
| 1.11.2 Pest Status | 第29页 |
| 1.11.3 An overview on the Biology and Ecology of Pest | 第29-30页 |
| 1.12 Green Peach Aphid(Myzus persicae) | 第30-31页 |
| 1.12.1 Pest Status | 第30-31页 |
| 1.12.2 Biology and Ecology of Green Peach Aphid | 第31页 |
| 1.13 Pea Aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum) | 第31-33页 |
| 1.13.1 Pest Status | 第31-32页 |
| 1.13.2 Biology and Ecology of Pea Aphid | 第32-33页 |
| CHAPTER2 Pathogenicity of the Indigenous isolates Metarhizium,Isaria and Beauveria against the Sitophilus oryzae(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)Under the Lab conditions | 第33-48页 |
| 2.1 Introduction | 第33-34页 |
| 2.2 Materials and Methods | 第34-39页 |
| 2.2.1 Insect culture | 第34页 |
| 2.2.2 Source of fungal isolates | 第34-35页 |
| 2.2.3 Preparation of fungal conidia | 第35-37页 |
| 2.2.4 Initial pathogenicity assay for EPF isolates against S.oryzae | 第37页 |
| 2.2.5 Virulence assay of EPF against S.oryzae | 第37-39页 |
| 2.2.6 Statistical analysis | 第39页 |
| 2.3 Results | 第39-44页 |
| 2.3.1 Fungal Isolates tested by Immersion Method at Single Concentration Bioassay | 第39-40页 |
| 2.3.2 Fungal Isolates tested via Food Mix Method at Single Concentration Bioassay | 第40页 |
| 2.3.3 Comparison of Immersion and Food Mix Fungus Isolates | 第40-41页 |
| 2.3.4 Multiple conidial concentration bioassays | 第41-43页 |
| 2.3.5 LT50 at various conidial concentrations | 第43-44页 |
| 2.4 Discussion | 第44-47页 |
| 2.5 Conclusion | 第47-48页 |
| CHAPTER3 Potential of Four Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolates as Biological Control Agents against two Aphid Species under Laboratory Conditions | 第48-59页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第48-49页 |
| 3.2 Materials and Methods | 第49-53页 |
| 3.2.1 Plants and Insects stock | 第49-50页 |
| 3.2.2 Preparation of fungus culture,conidial suspension and Gemination test | 第50-51页 |
| 3.2.3 Pathogenicity of EPF Isolates | 第51-52页 |
| 3.2.4 Concentration–mortality response | 第52-53页 |
| 3.2.5 Efficacy of fungal isolates at different temperatures | 第53页 |
| 3.2.6 Statistical analysis | 第53页 |
| 3.3 Results | 第53-57页 |
| 3.4 Discussion | 第57-58页 |
| 3.5 Conclusions | 第58-59页 |
| CHAPTER4 Biochemical Study,Post infection effect of Entomopathogenic fungi on the profile activity of some Anti-Oxidative and Detoxifying Enzymes in Acyrthosiphon pisum | 第59-74页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第59-61页 |
| 4.2 Materials and Methods | 第61-65页 |
| 4.2.1 Plants and Insects Rearing | 第61页 |
| 4.2.2 Fungal culture,conidial suspension and viability test | 第61-62页 |
| 4.2.3 Bioassay and sample collection | 第62-63页 |
| 4.2.4 Samples for Enzymes preparation | 第63-65页 |
| 4.2.5 Protein concentration test | 第65页 |
| 4.3 Detoxification enzymes activity,post exposure to fungal infection | 第65-66页 |
| 4.3.1 GS-Glutathione S-Transferase enzyme activity | 第65-66页 |
| 4.3.2 CarE-Carboxylesterase enzyme activity | 第66页 |
| 4.3.3 AKP-Alkaline phosphate enzyme activity | 第66页 |
| 4.4 Anti-oxidative enzymes activity assay | 第66-67页 |
| 4.4.1 SOD-Superoxide dismutase enzyme activity | 第66页 |
| 4.4.2 POD-Peroxidase enzyme activity | 第66-67页 |
| 4.4.3 CAT-Catalase enzyme activity | 第67页 |
| 4.4.4 Statistical analysis | 第67页 |
| 4.5 Results and Discussion | 第67-72页 |
| 4.5.1 Effect of I.fumosorosea and M.anisopliae isolate on the actitivity of anti-oxidative enzymes on the post infection | 第67-70页 |
| 4.5.2 Effect of I.fumosorosea and M.anisopliae isolate on the Detoxification enzymes Post infection | 第70-72页 |
| 4.6 Conclusion | 第72-74页 |
| CHAPTER5 Evaluation of transcriptome analysis indicates the differential gene expression for Acyrthosiphon pisum as induced by Isaria fumosorosea | 第74-88页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第74页 |
| 5.2 Materials and Methods | 第74-78页 |
| 5.2.1 Insect and plant stock | 第74-75页 |
| 5.2.2 Fungal culture,conidial suspension and sample collection | 第75页 |
| 5.2.3 Biological assay of A.pisum adults infected with Isaria fumosorosea SP-535 isolate and sample prepration for RNA-Seq | 第75页 |
| 5.2.4 RNA Isolation cDNA Library and Illumina sequencing | 第75-76页 |
| 5.2.5 Alignment and annotation | 第76页 |
| 5.2.6 Quality control | 第76-77页 |
| 5.2.7 Comparative analysis | 第77页 |
| 5.2.8 Gene functional annotation | 第77页 |
| 5.2.9 Differential expression analysis,For the samples with biological replicates | 第77页 |
| 5.2.10 GO enrichment analysis | 第77页 |
| 5.2.11 KEGG pathway enrichment analysis | 第77-78页 |
| 5.3 Results | 第78-86页 |
| 5.3.1 Features and Statistics of sequenced cDNA libraries | 第78页 |
| 5.3.2 Novel genes detection | 第78-79页 |
| 5.3.3 Functional annotation | 第79-80页 |
| 5.3.4 Overall distribution of gene expression levels in all samples | 第80页 |
| 5.3.5 Differential expression analysis | 第80-81页 |
| 5.3.6 Correlation assessment of biological replicates | 第81-82页 |
| 5.3.7 Identification of differentially expressed genes | 第82页 |
| 5.3.8 Clustering analysis of differentially expressed genes | 第82-84页 |
| 5.3.9 GO classification of differentially expressed genes | 第84-85页 |
| 5.3.10 KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes | 第85-86页 |
| 5.4 Discussion | 第86页 |
| 5.5 Conclusion | 第86-88页 |
| CHAPTER6 Discussion and Conclusion | 第88-93页 |
| 6.1 General discussion | 第88-91页 |
| 6.2 Conclusion | 第91-93页 |
| REFERENCES | 第93-111页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第111-112页 |
| Author’s Introduction | 第112-113页 |
