| 摘要 | 第5-7页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第7-9页 |
| 1 INTRODUCTION | 第13-51页 |
| 1.1 Oil Shale Resources and Properties | 第13-15页 |
| 1.2 Composition and Chemical Structure of Oil Shale Kerogen | 第15-18页 |
| 1.3 Oil Shale Retorting | 第18-24页 |
| 1.3.1 Shale Oil | 第20-22页 |
| 1.3.2 Retorting Gas | 第22-24页 |
| 1.4 Liquid Fuels Production | 第24-25页 |
| 1.5 Hydrogen Production | 第25-26页 |
| 1.6 Modeling the Pyrolysis Kinetics of Oil Shale | 第26-46页 |
| 1.6.1 Experimental Methods to Study Retorting Kinetics of Oil Shale | 第26-29页 |
| 1.6.1.1 Isothermal and Non-Isothermal TGA Measurements | 第27-28页 |
| 1.6.1.2 Advantages of Non-Isothermal Conditions | 第28-29页 |
| 1.6.2 Oil Shale Pyrolysis Mechanism | 第29-32页 |
| 1.6.3 Oil shale pyrolysis kinetics | 第32-43页 |
| 1.6.4 Graphical Methods to Determine Oil Shale Pyrolysis Kinetics | 第43-46页 |
| 1.7 Kinetic Reaction Model for Oil Shale Retorting Process | 第46-49页 |
| 1.8 Research Objectives/Scope | 第49-51页 |
| 2 MODELING AND SIMULATING FLUIDIZED BED OIL SHALE RETORTING PROCESS | 第51-69页 |
| 2.1 Oil Shale Composition and Physical Properties | 第52-55页 |
| 2.2 Process Description of Fluidized Bed Oil Shale Retorting | 第55-57页 |
| 2.3 Modeling and Simulation of Fluidized Bed Oil Shale Retorting | 第57-62页 |
| 2.4 Results and Discussion | 第62-68页 |
| 2.4.1 Mass Flow Analysis of Fluidized Bed Oil Shale Retorting Process | 第63-65页 |
| 2.4.2 Sensitivity Analysis of Fluidized Bed Oil Shale Retorting | 第65-66页 |
| 2.4.3 Energy Flow Analysis of Fluidized Bed Oil Shale Retorting Process | 第66-68页 |
| 2.5 Conclusions | 第68-69页 |
| 3 PROCESS SIMULATION OF RETORTING GAS CLEANING AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION | 第69-85页 |
| 3.1 Retorting Gas Composition and Effects | 第69-70页 |
| 3.2 Process Description of Oil Shale Retorting Gas Cleaning & Hydrogen Production | 第70-74页 |
| 3.2.1 Retorting Gas Cleaning | 第71-72页 |
| 3.2.2 Hydrogen Production by Retorting Gas Steam Reforming | 第72-73页 |
| 3.2.3 WGS Reaction | 第73-74页 |
| 3.2.4 Hydrogen Purification | 第74页 |
| 3.3 Modeling and Simulation of Oil Shale Retorting Gas Cleaning and Hydrogen Production | 第74-79页 |
| 3.4 Results and Discussion | 第79-84页 |
| 3.4.1 Sensitivity Analysis of Retorting Gas Steam Reforming | 第79-82页 |
| 3.4.2 Mass flow of Oil Shale Retorting Gas Cleaning & Hydrogen Production Process | 第82-83页 |
| 3.4.3 Energy Flow of Oil Shale Retorting Gas Cleaning & Hydrogen Production System | 第83-84页 |
| 3.5 Conclusions | 第84-85页 |
| 4 PROCESS SIMULATION OF SHALE OIL UPGRADING | 第85-105页 |
| 4.1 Shale Oil Composition, Instability and Effects | 第85-88页 |
| 4.2 Technologies for Upgrading of Heavy Oils | 第88-90页 |
| 4.3 Process Description of Shale Oil Upgrading | 第90-94页 |
| 4.4 Modeling and Simulation of Shale Oil Upgrading Process | 第94-99页 |
| 4.5 Results and Discussion | 第99-103页 |
| 4.5.1 Mass Flow of the Shale Oil Upgrading Process | 第101-102页 |
| 4.5.2 Energy Flow of the Shale Oil Upgrading Process | 第102-103页 |
| 4.6 Conclusion | 第103-105页 |
| 5 PROCESS INTEGRATION FOR HYDROGEN AND LIQUID FUELS PRODUCTION BY OIL SHALE | 第105-125页 |
| 5.1 Process Description | 第106-109页 |
| 5.1.1 Case 1:Process Description of STL Fuels Production by Oil Shale | 第106-107页 |
| 5.1.2 Case 2:Process Description of STL and GTL Fuels Production by Oil Shale | 第107-109页 |
| 5.2 Modeling and Simulations | 第109-115页 |
| 5.2.1 Oil Shale Retorting | 第111页 |
| 5.2.2 Retorting Gas Cleaning | 第111-112页 |
| 5.2.3 Steam Reforming and WGS | 第112-113页 |
| 5.2.4 Hydrogenation | 第113页 |
| 5.2.5 F-T Process | 第113-115页 |
| 5.3 Results and Discussion | 第115-123页 |
| 5.3.1 Mass Flow Analysis | 第115-118页 |
| 5.3.2 Energy Flow of the System | 第118-121页 |
| 5.3.3 Product Distribution Analysis | 第121-123页 |
| 5.4 Conclusions | 第123-125页 |
| 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS | 第125-129页 |
| 6.1 Conclusions | 第125-127页 |
| 6.2 Recommendations | 第127-129页 |
| NOMENCLATURE | 第129-131页 |
| REFERENCES | 第131-141页 |
| CURRICULUM VITAE | 第141-145页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第145-146页 |
