| 摘要 | 第4-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-7页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第13-29页 |
| 1.1 Heavy metal pollution | 第13-20页 |
| 1.1.1 Research of heavy metal pollution in water | 第13-14页 |
| 1.1.2 Effects of natural organic matter and cadmium in water | 第14-16页 |
| 1.1.3 Heavy metal pollution water treatment | 第16-20页 |
| 1.2 Ultrafiltration separation technology | 第20-23页 |
| 1.2.1 The basic principle of ultrafiltration technology | 第20-21页 |
| 1.2.2 Research and application of ultrafiltration technology in water treatment | 第21-23页 |
| 1.3 Ultrafiltration membrane fouling | 第23-26页 |
| 1.3.1 Causes and mechanism of membrane fouling | 第23-24页 |
| 1.3.2 Method for controlling membrane fouling | 第24-25页 |
| 1.3.3 Membrane fouling cleaning | 第25-26页 |
| 1.4 Combined technique of ultrafiltration and powdered activated carbon | 第26-28页 |
| 1.4.1 Problems in ultrafiltration technology and pretreatment technology | 第26页 |
| 1.4.2 Combined technique of ultrafiltration and powdered activated carbon | 第26-28页 |
| 1.5 The purpose, significance and main content of this research | 第28-29页 |
| Chapter 2 Experimental materials and methods | 第29-35页 |
| 2.1 Experimental equipment | 第29-31页 |
| 2.1.1 Ultrafiltration membrane system | 第29-30页 |
| 2.1.2 Chemicals of experiment | 第30页 |
| 2.1.3. Laboratory apparatus | 第30-31页 |
| 2.2 Ultrafiltration process | 第31-32页 |
| 2.3 Analysis method | 第32-35页 |
| 2.3.1. Determination of UV254 | 第32页 |
| 2.3.2. Determination of cadmium concentration | 第32页 |
| 2.3.3. Retention rate | 第32页 |
| 2.3.4. Measurement and analysis of membrane fouling | 第32-33页 |
| 2.3.5 Membrane resistance analysis | 第33-35页 |
| Chapter 3 Removal of HA and HA-Cd by ultrafiltration and study ultrafiltrationmembrane fouling | 第35-50页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第35-36页 |
| 3.2 Removal of HA and Cd by ultrafiltration membrane | 第36-38页 |
| 3.2.1. The removal rate of UF membrane to HA | 第36-37页 |
| 3.2.2. The removal rate of UF membrane to Cd | 第37-38页 |
| 3.3 Influence of HA and HA-Cd on flux depression of UF membrane | 第38-44页 |
| 3.3.1 The influence of Cd2+ concentration on the decrease of permeate flux in HA-Cd | 第38-40页 |
| 3.3.2 Influence of chemical conditions of solution on the decrease of permeate specificflux in ultrafiltration | 第40-44页 |
| 3.4 UF membrane fouling ratio resistance analysis | 第44-49页 |
| 3.4.1 Effect of Cd~(2+) concentration on fouling ratio and fouling resistance of UFmembrane | 第45-46页 |
| 3.4.2 Effect of chemical conditions of solution on fouling ratio and fouling resistance ofUF membrane | 第46-49页 |
| 3.5 Summary | 第49-50页 |
| Chapter 4 Removal of HA-Cd by ultrafiltration-powder activated carbon andstudy on membrane fouling during ultrafiltration | 第50-67页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第50-51页 |
| 4.2 Determination of PAC concentration and adsorption time | 第51-53页 |
| 4.2.1 Determination of the concentration of PAC | 第51-52页 |
| 4.2.2 Determination of PAC adsorption time | 第52-53页 |
| 4.3 UF-PAC removal rate of HA and PAC | 第53-55页 |
| 4.3.1 The removal rate of UF membrane to HA | 第53-54页 |
| 4.3.2 The removal rate of UF membrane to Cd | 第54-55页 |
| 4.4 Effect of HA and HA-Cd on UF-PAC flux decline | 第55-61页 |
| 4.4.1 The influence of Cd ion concentration on the decrease of UF-PAC permeation flux | 第55-57页 |
| 4.4.2 The effect of solution chemistry on the UF-PAC flux decline | 第57-61页 |
| 4.5 Fouling resistance ratio analysis of ultrafiltration membrane in UF-PAC process | 第61-66页 |
| 4.5.1 The influence of Cd concentration on fouling resistance of UF membrane in UF-PAC process | 第61-63页 |
| 4.5.2 Effect of chemical conditions of solution on total fouling ratio and resistance of UF membrane in UF-PAC process | 第63-66页 |
| 4.6 Summary | 第66-67页 |
| Chapter 5 Removal of simulated NOM and NOM-Cd by ultrafiltration and studyon fouling of process ultrafiltration membrane | 第67-74页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第67-69页 |
| 5.2 The removal rate of UF membrane to Cd | 第69-70页 |
| 5.3 The influence of simulated NOM and NOM-Cd on the permeation flux of UFmembrane | 第70-71页 |
| 5.4 Effects of simulated NOM and NOM-Cd on fouling ratio and resistance loss of UFmembrane | 第71-73页 |
| 5.5 Summary | 第73-74页 |
| Conclusion | 第74-75页 |
| References | 第75-81页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第81-83页 |
| Resume | 第83页 |
