| Abstract (Chinese) | 第6-8页 |
| Abstract (English) | 第8-10页 |
| Chapter Ⅰ: Introduction | 第15-39页 |
| 1.1. Significance of Greenhouses and Tomato Production | 第15页 |
| 1.2. Bemisia tabaci, A Noxious Pest | 第15-17页 |
| 1.2.1. Host plants and crop losses | 第16页 |
| 1.2.2. Global Invasion of B. tabaci | 第16-17页 |
| 1.3. Taxonomy, Invasion and Distribution in China of B. tabaci | 第17-19页 |
| 1.4. Management of Whiteflies | 第19-21页 |
| 1.4.1. Physical/cultural control and host plant resistance | 第19页 |
| 1.4.2. Chemical control | 第19-20页 |
| 1.4.3. Biological Control | 第20-21页 |
| 1.5. Parasitoids of B. tabaci | 第21-23页 |
| 1.5.1. Encarsia sophia | 第22页 |
| 1.5.2. Eretmocerus hayati | 第22-23页 |
| 1.5.3. Host feeding Behaviour in parasitoids | 第23页 |
| 1.6. Effects of Low Host Densities on the Biological Control | 第23-27页 |
| 1.6.1. Effects of low host densities on parasitism | 第24页 |
| 1.6.2. Effects of low host densities on parasitoids searching behavior | 第24-25页 |
| 1.6.3. Influence of Honeydew on Parasitoids Foraging | 第25-26页 |
| 1.6.4. Necessity of Evaluating Different parasitoid species | 第26-27页 |
| 1.7. Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles | 第27-31页 |
| 1.7.1. Parasitoids utilization of HIPVs to locate hosts | 第29页 |
| 1.7.2. Effects of host densities and infestation durations on parasitoidsbehavior | 第29-31页 |
| 1.8. Augmentive Biological Control | 第31-33页 |
| 1.8.1. Cost efficacy of Augmentations, A Source of Debate | 第31-33页 |
| 1.9. Release Rates/ Release Ratios of Parasitoids and Hosts | 第33-35页 |
| 1.10. Release Frequencies/ Number of Releases | 第35-36页 |
| 1.11. Aims and Outline of Thesis | 第36-39页 |
| Chapter Ⅱ: Greenhouse Evaluations of Parasitoids Encarsia sophia and Eretmocerus hayati on Varying Low Host Densities of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 and Behavioral Response of Er. hayati to Varying Host Densities andInfestation Durations | 第39-67页 |
| 2.1. Introduction | 第40-44页 |
| 2.2. Materials and Methods | 第44-50页 |
| 2.2.1. Evaluation of parasitoids on low densities | 第44-46页 |
| 2.2.1.1. Host plants and insects culture | 第44页 |
| 2.2.1.2. Establishing host density patches on plants | 第44-45页 |
| 2.2.1.3. Greenhouse Cages design and parasitoids release | 第45-46页 |
| 2.2.2. Evaluation of behavioral responses of Er. hayati | 第46-49页 |
| 2.2.2.1. Host plants and insect culture | 第46-47页 |
| 2.2.2.2. Whiteflies inoculation to plants | 第47-48页 |
| 2.2.2.3. Behavioral bioassays in Y-type olfactometer | 第48-49页 |
| 2.2.3. Investigations | 第49-50页 |
| 2.2.4. Statistical Analysis | 第50页 |
| 2.3. Results | 第50-59页 |
| 2.3.1. Evaluations of parasitoids at low host densities | 第50-57页 |
| 2.3.1.1. Effects of host density on parasitism, host feeing and totalmortality | 第50-55页 |
| 2.3.1.2. Comparison of En. sophia and Er. hayati at various low densities | 第55-57页 |
| 2.3.2. Behavioral responses of Er. hayati to varying host densities andinfestation duration | 第57-59页 |
| 2.4. Discussions | 第59-67页 |
| Chapter Ⅲ: Evaluations of Varying Release Ratios and Release Frequencies of Parasitoid Encarsia sophia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) for Biological Controlof Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Greenhouses | 第67-90页 |
| 3.1. Introduction | 第68-70页 |
| 3.2. Materials and Methods | 第70-75页 |
| 3.2.1. Evaluations of varying release ratios during 2016 | 第70-72页 |
| 3.2.1.1. Greenhouses and cage design | 第70-71页 |
| 3.2.1.2. Introduction of whiteflies to cages | 第71页 |
| 3.2.1.3. Determination of release ratios and adult parasitoids release | 第71-72页 |
| 3.2.2. Evaluations of varying weekly release frequencies during 2017 | 第72-74页 |
| 3.2.2.1. Host plants and insects | 第72-73页 |
| 3.2.2.2. Greenhouse cage design | 第73页 |
| 3.2.2.3. Inoculation of whiteflies | 第73页 |
| 3.2.2.4. Release of parasitoids adults | 第73-74页 |
| 3.2.3. Investigations | 第74-75页 |
| 3.2.4. Data Analysis | 第75页 |
| 3.3. Results | 第75-84页 |
| 3.3.1. Ambient conditions | 第75-76页 |
| 3.3.2. Release Ratios | 第76-79页 |
| 3.3.2.1 Percent parasitism | 第76-78页 |
| 3.3.2.2. Whiteflies population | 第78-79页 |
| 3.3.3. Release frequencies | 第79-84页 |
| 3.3.3.1. Percent parasitism | 第79-82页 |
| 3.3.3.2. Whiteflies populations | 第82-84页 |
| 3.4. Discussions | 第84-90页 |
| Chapter Ⅳ: Conclusions | 第90-93页 |
| References | 第93-104页 |
| Authorbiography | 第104-107页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第107页 |
