| Acknowledgements | 第1-8页 |
| Abstract | 第8-11页 |
| 摘要 | 第11-17页 |
| Chapter Ⅰ Introduction | 第17-37页 |
| ·Abacus calculation and abacus mental calculation | 第17-24页 |
| ·The characteristics of abacus calculation and abacus mental calculation | 第17-20页 |
| ·The previous studies on abacus learning and AMC | 第20-23页 |
| ·The unclear questions | 第23-24页 |
| ·Mental calculation | 第24-28页 |
| ·Number and arithmetic are very important to human being | 第24-25页 |
| ·The brain regions related to mental calculation | 第25-27页 |
| ·'Number line' and 'Abacus Imagery' | 第27-28页 |
| ·Abacus training and brain plasticity | 第28-29页 |
| ·Brain plasticity | 第28-29页 |
| ·Brain plasticity associated with abacus training | 第29页 |
| ·The tools and methods | 第29-36页 |
| ·Brain imaging culture and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) | 第29-34页 |
| ·Functional connectivity of the brain | 第34-36页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第36-37页 |
| Chapter Ⅱ Neural Correlates Underlying AbacusMental Calculation | 第37-59页 |
| ·Introduction | 第37页 |
| ·The brain activity patterns of child abacus experts during simple and complex mental calculation:a block-design fMRI study | 第37-49页 |
| ·Introduction | 第37-38页 |
| ·Experiment 1 and material | 第38-39页 |
| ·Methods and data analysis | 第39-40页 |
| ·Results | 第40-44页 |
| ·Discussion and conclusion | 第44-49页 |
| ·Similar brain activity patterns were observed during AMC by visual and auditory stimuli | 第49-53页 |
| ·Introduction | 第49页 |
| ·Experiment 2 and material | 第49页 |
| ·Methods and data analysis | 第49-50页 |
| ·Results | 第50-53页 |
| ·Discussion and conclusion | 第53页 |
| ·The neural network of mental calculation in child abacus experts and controls | 第53-57页 |
| ·Introduction | 第53页 |
| ·Methods | 第53-54页 |
| ·Data analysis | 第54-55页 |
| ·Results | 第55-56页 |
| ·Discussion and Conclusion | 第56-57页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第57-59页 |
| Chapter Ⅲ Plasticity of Brain Cortex and BrainNetworks during AMC in Abacus Children | 第59-86页 |
| ·Introduction | 第59页 |
| ·Reduced neural response observed in abacus children than in control children during 2-digit mental calculation:an event-related fMRI study | 第59-74页 |
| ·Introduction | 第59-61页 |
| ·Experiment 3 and Materials | 第61-62页 |
| ·Methods and data analysis | 第62-64页 |
| ·Results | 第64-71页 |
| ·Discussion and Conclusion | 第71-74页 |
| ·A Structural equation modeling analysis of AMC | 第74-79页 |
| ·Introduction | 第74页 |
| ·Experiment and Materials | 第74-75页 |
| ·Methods and data analysis | 第75-76页 |
| ·Results | 第76-78页 |
| ·Discussion and Conclusion | 第78-79页 |
| ·Modulation of default mode network by training of abacus mental calculation in children | 第79-85页 |
| ·Introduction | 第79-80页 |
| ·Experiment and Materials | 第80页 |
| ·Methods and data analysis | 第80-81页 |
| ·Results | 第81-84页 |
| ·Discussion and Conclusion | 第84-85页 |
| ·Conclusion | 第85-86页 |
| Conclusion and Future Work | 第86-88页 |
| References | 第88-94页 |
| 附录 | 第94-97页 |
| Publication List | 第97-98页 |
