| Acknowledgements | 第1-6页 |
| Abstract(Chinese) | 第6-8页 |
| Abstract(English) | 第8-10页 |
| Contents | 第10-14页 |
| List of Abbreviations for topics in Appendix Ⅵ | 第14-15页 |
| List of Tables | 第15-17页 |
| List of Figures | 第17-18页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第18-30页 |
| ·The definition of speaking competence | 第18-20页 |
| ·Teaching of speaking in junior school | 第20-24页 |
| ·Lack of monologue speech practice | 第21-22页 |
| ·The demand for transformation of teachers' and students' role | 第22-23页 |
| ·The gap between textbook input and required output | 第23-24页 |
| ·Critical thinking of the current school oral test | 第24-25页 |
| ·Introduction to the learning model PPFA | 第25-28页 |
| ·Significance of the study | 第28-29页 |
| ·Theoretical significance of the study | 第28页 |
| ·Practical significance of the study | 第28-29页 |
| ·Organization of the thesis | 第29-30页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第30-42页 |
| ·Formative Assessment Theory | 第30-36页 |
| ·The definition of formative assessment | 第31-33页 |
| ·Rather a philosophy than methodology | 第33-36页 |
| ·Performance Assessment Theory | 第36-39页 |
| ·Six elements comprising a performance assessment | 第36-38页 |
| ·An excellent way to measure how learners are learning | 第38页 |
| ·Criteria and scoring rubric to ensure objectiveness | 第38-39页 |
| ·Relationship between formative and performance assessment | 第39-42页 |
| Chapter Three Research Design | 第42-52页 |
| ·Construction of the 3-D assessment instrument | 第42-43页 |
| ·Research setting | 第43-44页 |
| ·Research hypothesis and questions | 第43页 |
| ·Research subjects | 第43-44页 |
| ·Research instruments | 第44-46页 |
| ·An experiment | 第44页 |
| ·An investigation | 第44页 |
| ·Journal analysis | 第44-45页 |
| ·An interview | 第45页 |
| ·A questionnaire | 第45-46页 |
| ·Research procedures | 第46-52页 |
| ·Pre-research | 第47-48页 |
| ·Initial experiment plan setting down | 第47-48页 |
| ·Experiment pilot and reflection | 第48页 |
| ·While-research | 第48-51页 |
| ·The first round of experiment and reflection | 第49页 |
| ·The second round of experiment | 第49-50页 |
| ·Development of the performance task | 第50-51页 |
| ·Post-research | 第51-52页 |
| Chapter Four Data presentation and analysis | 第52-76页 |
| ·Data from the free talk scores | 第52-53页 |
| ·Data from the investigation | 第53-58页 |
| ·Comparison of topics in PPFA learning model and the textbook GFI | 第53-55页 |
| ·Self-assessment:topics students were adept at | 第55-57页 |
| ·Motivation to the task | 第57-58页 |
| ·Data from journal analysis | 第58-59页 |
| ·Data from interviews | 第59-66页 |
| ·Understanding of the task | 第60-62页 |
| ·Becoming improved in learning | 第62-64页 |
| ·Autonomic learning | 第62-64页 |
| ·Achievement improvement | 第64页 |
| ·Functions of formative assessment | 第64-66页 |
| ·Data from questionnaires | 第66-73页 |
| ·Experimental students' prominent factors | 第66-68页 |
| ·Promotion of learner autonomy | 第68-69页 |
| ·Promotion of integrative learning motivation | 第69-70页 |
| ·Promotion of self-concept | 第70-73页 |
| ·Verified answers to the research questions | 第73-76页 |
| ·The answer to research question No.1 | 第74页 |
| ·The answer to research question No.2 | 第74页 |
| ·The answer to research question No.3 | 第74-76页 |
| Chapter Five Discussion and Application | 第76-84页 |
| ·Overall assessment of model PPFA | 第76-78页 |
| ·Starting point of mechanism | 第76页 |
| ·Significance of the model PPFA | 第76-78页 |
| ·Elements operating on PPFA | 第78-79页 |
| ·Strategies of successfully conducting FA | 第79-84页 |
| ·Effective feedback | 第79-80页 |
| ·Eight principles from an experienced student | 第80-82页 |
| ·Avoidance of high criteria and extrinsic rewards | 第82-84页 |
| Chapter Six Conclusions and Implications | 第84-88页 |
| ·Conclusions | 第84-85页 |
| ·Implications | 第85-88页 |
| ·Limitations of the study | 第85页 |
| ·Recommendations for further study | 第85-88页 |
| References | 第88-94页 |
| Appendices | 第94-102页 |
| Appendix Ⅰ A sample written script for free talk | 第94页 |
| Appendix Ⅱ Two sample journals | 第94-96页 |
| Appendix Ⅲ An investigation | 第96页 |
| Appendix Ⅳ Language testing sheet for free talk | 第96-97页 |
| Appendix Ⅴ A questionnaire | 第97-100页 |
| Appendix Ⅵ Distribution of free talk topics | 第100-102页 |
