| Acknowledgements | 第5-6页 |
| Abstract | 第6-7页 |
| 摘要 | 第8-13页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第13-14页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第14-18页 |
| 1.1 Research background | 第14-16页 |
| 1.2 Objectives and significance of the study | 第16-17页 |
| 1.3 The organization of the thesis | 第17页 |
| 1.4 Summary | 第17-18页 |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review | 第18-26页 |
| 2.1 Language use and language attitude | 第18-21页 |
| 2.1.1 Definitions of language attitude | 第18-19页 |
| 2.1.2 Previous studies about language use and language attitude | 第19-21页 |
| 2.2 Previous studies about linguistic ecology | 第21-24页 |
| 2.3 Relevant studies about Wa people and Wa language | 第24-25页 |
| 2.4 Summary | 第25-26页 |
| Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework | 第26-30页 |
| 3.1 Definitions of linguistic ecology | 第26-27页 |
| 3.2 The scope of linguistic ecology | 第27-28页 |
| 3.3 The environment of language | 第28-29页 |
| 3.4 Summary | 第29-30页 |
| Chapter 4 Research Methodology | 第30-36页 |
| 4.1 Research methods | 第30页 |
| 4.2 The subjects of the study | 第30-31页 |
| 4.3 Research questions | 第31-32页 |
| 4.4 Research instruments | 第32-33页 |
| 4.4.1 Questionnaire | 第32-33页 |
| 4.4.2 Interview | 第33页 |
| 4.5 The procedures of the study | 第33-35页 |
| 4.6 Summary | 第35-36页 |
| Chapter 5 Results and Discussion | 第36-63页 |
| 5.1 Wa people’s multilingual competence | 第36-41页 |
| 5.1.1 Wa people’s language proficiency in different age groups | 第36-40页 |
| 5.1.2 National differences of Wa people’s multilingual competence | 第40-41页 |
| 5.2 The status quo of Wa people’s language use | 第41-46页 |
| 5.2.1 The status quo of Wa people’s language use within the family | 第42-43页 |
| 5.2.2 The status quo of Wa people’s language use in public places | 第43-45页 |
| 5.2.3 The status quo of Wa people’s language use with differentcommunicative groups | 第45-46页 |
| 5.3 Wa people’s language attitude | 第46-56页 |
| 5.3.1 Wa people’s attitude towards Wa language, Cangyuan dialect, StandardChinese, English and Myanmar language | 第47-48页 |
| 5.3.2 Gender differences of Wa people’s language attitude towards the fivelanguages respectively | 第48-49页 |
| 5.3.3 Age differences of Wa people’s attitude towards the five languagesrespectively | 第49-52页 |
| 5.3.4 Educational differences of Wa people’s attitude towards the fivelanguages respectively | 第52-53页 |
| 5.3.5 Professional differences of Wa people’s attitude towards the fivelanguages respectively | 第53-55页 |
| 5.3.6 National differences of Wa people’s attitude towards the five languagesrespectively | 第55-56页 |
| 5.4 Ecological factors to shape Wa people’s language use and language attitude | 第56-61页 |
| 5.4.1 Natural factors | 第57页 |
| 5.4.2 Social Factors | 第57-60页 |
| 5.4.2.1 Historical factors | 第57-58页 |
| 5.4.2.2 Political factors | 第58-59页 |
| 5.4.2.3 Economic factors | 第59-60页 |
| 5.4.3 Mental factors | 第60-61页 |
| 5.5 Summary | 第61-63页 |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion | 第63-68页 |
| 6.1 Major findings of the study | 第63-65页 |
| 6.2 Implications of this study | 第65-66页 |
| 6.3 Limitations and suggestions for further studies | 第66页 |
| 6.4 Summary | 第66-68页 |
| References | 第68-73页 |
| Appendixes | 第73-87页 |
| Appendix A | 第73-76页 |
| Appendix B | 第76-87页 |
| Publications | 第87页 |
