| ABSTRACT | 第6页 |
| LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | 第8-10页 |
| CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW | 第10-32页 |
| 1.1 Advances of copper in plants | 第10-15页 |
| 1.1.1 Cu deficiency in plant | 第10-11页 |
| 1.1.1.2 Symptoms of Cu deficiency | 第11页 |
| 1.1.2 Cu toxicity in plants | 第11-13页 |
| 1.1.3 Tolerance mechanism of plants against Cu toxicity | 第13-15页 |
| 1.2 Advances in reactive oxygen species research | 第15-19页 |
| 1.2.1 Generation of ROS in plants | 第15-16页 |
| 1.2.2 Role of antioxidant in scavenging ROS | 第16-19页 |
| 1.3 Advances in methane research | 第19-24页 |
| 1.3.1 Characteristics of methane | 第19页 |
| 1.3.2 Advances of CH_4 in animals and plants | 第19-20页 |
| 1.3.3 Sources of methane | 第20-22页 |
| 1.3.3.1 Microbial production of CH_4 | 第20页 |
| 1.3.3.2 Non-microbial production of CH_4 | 第20-22页 |
| 1.3.4 Environmental stress factors and CH_4 | 第22-24页 |
| 1.4 Advances of proline in plant research | 第24-32页 |
| 1.4.2 Biosynthesis of proline | 第24-25页 |
| 1.4.3 Effect of proline on antioxidant system and oxidative stress | 第25-30页 |
| 1.4.3.1 Effect of proline under salinity stress in plants | 第25-26页 |
| 1.4.3.2 Effect of proline under radiation stress in plants | 第26页 |
| 1.4.3.3 Effect of proline under temperature stress in plants | 第26-27页 |
| 1.4.3.4 Effect of proline on other enzymes and metabolites | 第27-28页 |
| 1.4.3.5 Effect of Proline under heavy metal stress in plants | 第28-30页 |
| 1.4.4 Toxicity of proline | 第30-32页 |
| CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第32-40页 |
| 2.1 Plant materials, growth conditions, and experimental design | 第32-33页 |
| 2.2 Preparation of methane-rich water (MRW) | 第33页 |
| 2.2.1 Estimation of endogenous CH_4 content | 第33页 |
| 2.3 Assay of amylase activity and total soluble sugar contents | 第33-34页 |
| 2.4 Determination of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) | 第34页 |
| 2.5 Histochemical analyses | 第34-35页 |
| 2.6 Enzyme extraction and assays | 第35-36页 |
| 2.7 Gel electrophoresis | 第36页 |
| 2.8 Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis | 第36-37页 |
| 2.9 Determination of proline content | 第37-38页 |
| 2.10 Determination of Cu content | 第38页 |
| 2.11 Statistical analysis | 第38-40页 |
| CHAPTER 3 RESULTS | 第40-56页 |
| 3.1 Inhibition of germination and seedling growth in alfalfa plant by Cu | 第40-44页 |
| 3.1.1 Effect of MRW on the alleviation of Cu stress in alfalfa plants | 第42-44页 |
| 3.2 Endogenous CH4 content is increasing in alfalfa seedlings upon Cu stress | 第44-45页 |
| 3.3 Effect of MRW on amylase activities and total sugar contents | 第45-46页 |
| 3.4 Effect of MRW on TBARS contents | 第46-49页 |
| 3.5 Effect of MRW on antioxidant enzymes/genes | 第49-53页 |
| 3.6 Effect of MRW on proline accumulation under Cu stress | 第53页 |
| 3.7 Effect of MRW and Cu on the P5CS activity and PDH transcript level | 第53-55页 |
| 3.8 Effect of MRW on Cu concentration | 第55-56页 |
| CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION | 第56-61页 |
| Conclusion | 第61-62页 |
| REFERENCES | 第62-76页 |
| LIST OF PUBLICATIONS | 第76-78页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 第78页 |
