| Acknowledgements | 第1-5页 |
| 摘要 | 第5-7页 |
| Abstract | 第7-9页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第9-10页 |
| List of Figures | 第10-11页 |
| List of Tables | 第11-13页 |
| List of Appendices | 第13-14页 |
| Contents | 第14-17页 |
| Chapter One Introduction | 第17-23页 |
| ·Need for the study | 第17-20页 |
| ·The importance of listening | 第17-18页 |
| ·Complexity of frequency in second language learning | 第18-19页 |
| ·Necessity of studying question preview in listening comprehension | 第19-20页 |
| ·Research methods and questions | 第20页 |
| ·The research purpose | 第20-21页 |
| ·The organization of the dissertation | 第21-23页 |
| Chapter Two Literature Review | 第23-53页 |
| ·Introduction | 第23页 |
| ·Definitions of key terms | 第23-41页 |
| ·Listening comprehension | 第23-31页 |
| ·Task | 第31-35页 |
| ·Task-based and task-supported | 第35-37页 |
| ·Task difficulty | 第37-39页 |
| ·Task frequency | 第39-41页 |
| ·An overview of related studies | 第41-51页 |
| ·Introduction | 第41页 |
| ·Studies on listening comprehension | 第41-42页 |
| ·Empirical studies related to the present study | 第42-50页 |
| ·A brief summary of existing studies | 第50-51页 |
| ·Summary | 第51-53页 |
| Chapter Three Theoretical Framework for the Present Study | 第53-75页 |
| ·Introduction | 第53页 |
| ·Input and second language learning | 第53-59页 |
| ·Input Hypothesis | 第53-54页 |
| ·The role of input | 第54-57页 |
| ·Criticism of the Input Hypothesis | 第57-58页 |
| ·Input and listening comprehension | 第58-59页 |
| ·Noticing and second language learning | 第59-65页 |
| ·Consciousness, attention and awareness | 第59-60页 |
| ·Noticing Hypothesis | 第60-62页 |
| ·Types of noticing within the information-processing model | 第62-63页 |
| ·Noticing and task | 第63-64页 |
| ·Noticing and listening comprehension | 第64-65页 |
| ·Comprehension and second language learning | 第65-67页 |
| ·What is “comprehension”? | 第65-66页 |
| ·Comprehension and input processing | 第66页 |
| ·The place of comprehension in language learning | 第66-67页 |
| ·Comprehension and listening | 第67页 |
| ·The role of tasks in the teaching of listening | 第67-69页 |
| ·The framework of the present study | 第69-73页 |
| ·Task-supported listening teaching | 第70-71页 |
| ·Memory and noticing | 第71-72页 |
| ·Memory and comprehension | 第72-73页 |
| ·Summary | 第73-75页 |
| Chapter Four Research Methodology | 第75-91页 |
| ·Introduction | 第75页 |
| ·The pilot study | 第75-80页 |
| ·Research questions | 第75页 |
| ·Subjects | 第75-76页 |
| ·Listening material | 第76页 |
| ·Procedures | 第76页 |
| ·Data analysis | 第76-77页 |
| ·Results and findings | 第77-79页 |
| ·Limitations | 第79页 |
| ·Suggestions for the main study | 第79-80页 |
| ·The main study | 第80-90页 |
| ·Research questions | 第80-81页 |
| ·Subjects | 第81-84页 |
| ·Research design | 第84页 |
| ·Instruments | 第84-87页 |
| ·Variables of the present study | 第87-88页 |
| ·Procedures | 第88-90页 |
| ·Summary | 第90-91页 |
| Chapter Five Data Analysis | 第91-127页 |
| ·Introduction | 第91页 |
| ·Quantitative analysis | 第91-122页 |
| ·Comparison of the mean scores within groups | 第91-97页 |
| ·Comparison of the mean scores between groups | 第97-100页 |
| ·Comparison of the mean scores of the students at the same level | 第100-117页 |
| ·Comparison of listening tasks with different difficulty levels | 第117-122页 |
| ·Qualitative analysis | 第122-126页 |
| ·Qualitative analysis of questionnaire | 第122-124页 |
| ·Qualitative analysis of the interviews | 第124-126页 |
| ·Summary | 第126-127页 |
| Chapter Six Results and Discussion | 第127-145页 |
| ·Introduction | 第127页 |
| ·Effects of three task-supported forms on the text listening comprehension | 第127-132页 |
| ·The effects of input frequency on the text listening comprehension | 第127-129页 |
| ·The effects of question preview on the text listening comprehension | 第129-130页 |
| ·The effects of answer option preview on the text listening comprehension | 第130-132页 |
| ·Effects of three task-supported forms on the text listening comprehension of the learners atdifferent proficiency levels | 第132-138页 |
| ·The effects of input frequency on the learners at different proficiency levels | 第132-135页 |
| ·The effects of question preview on the learners at different proficiency levels | 第135-137页 |
| ·The effects of answer option preview on the learners at different proficiency levels... | 第137-138页 |
| ·Effects of three task-supported forms on the tasks with different difficulty levels | 第138-141页 |
| ·The effects of three task-supported forms on the easy task | 第138-139页 |
| ·The effects of three task-supported forms on the difficult task | 第139-140页 |
| ·The effects of three task-supported forms on the task with medium difficulty level | 第140-141页 |
| ·The interaction effects of three task-supported forms | 第141-142页 |
| ·Discussion | 第142-143页 |
| ·Information processing | 第142页 |
| ·Purpose and expectation | 第142-143页 |
| ·Visuals-based and visuals-aided | 第143页 |
| ·Summary | 第143-145页 |
| Chapter Seven Findings, Implications and Limitations | 第145-154页 |
| ·Introduction | 第145页 |
| ·Major findings | 第145-147页 |
| ·Findings related to the effects of input frequency on the text listening comprehension | 第145-146页 |
| ·Findings related to the effects of question preview on the text listening comprehension | 第146页 |
| ·Findings related to the effects of answer option preview on the text listeningcomprehension | 第146-147页 |
| ·Implications | 第147-151页 |
| ·Pedagogical implications | 第147-148页 |
| ·Testing implications | 第148-149页 |
| ·Theoretical implications | 第149-150页 |
| ·Methodological implications | 第150-151页 |
| ·Limitations | 第151页 |
| ·Suggestions for future research | 第151-153页 |
| ·Summary | 第153-154页 |
| Notes | 第154-155页 |
| Bibliography | 第155-169页 |
| Appendices | 第169-187页 |
