| Acknowledgements | 第6-7页 |
| 摘要 | 第7-12页 |
| Abstract | 第12-14页 |
| Chapter 1:Introduction | 第21-31页 |
| 1.1 General background | 第21-23页 |
| 1.2 Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture and traditional aquaculture | 第23-24页 |
| 1.3 Environmental impacts of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture | 第24-25页 |
| 1.4 Nutrient removal by constructed wetland | 第25-27页 |
| 1.5 Literature review | 第27-30页 |
| 1.6 Hypothesis and objectives | 第30-31页 |
| Chapter 2:Materials and Methods | 第31-48页 |
| 2.1 Description of study areas | 第31-36页 |
| 2.1.1 The Sanggou Bay | 第31-33页 |
| 2.1.1.1 Aquaculture practice at Sanggou Bay | 第31-33页 |
| 2.1.2 Study area at Shanghai and experimental description | 第33-36页 |
| 2.1.2.1 Culture condition in prawn ponds | 第35-36页 |
| 2.2 Samples collection and treatment | 第36-38页 |
| 2.2.1 Samples collection from Sanggou Bay | 第36-37页 |
| 2.2.1.1 Sample collection for hydrographic parameters | 第36页 |
| 2.2.1.2 Sample treatment of dissolved nutrient | 第36页 |
| 2.2.1.3 Sample treatment for dissolved organic carbon | 第36-37页 |
| 2.2.2 Sample collection for stable isotopes | 第37页 |
| 2.2.3 Sample collection from constructed wetland | 第37-38页 |
| 2.3 Sample analysis | 第38-45页 |
| 2.3.1 Dissolved nutrient analysis | 第38-42页 |
| 2.3.1.1 Ammonia determination | 第38页 |
| 2.3.1.2 Nitrate and nitrite determination | 第38-39页 |
| 2.3.1.3 Phosphate determination | 第39页 |
| 2.3.1.4 Silicate determination | 第39-40页 |
| 2.3.1.5 Procedure | 第40-42页 |
| 2.3.2 Dissolved organic carbon analysis | 第42-43页 |
| 2.3.2.1 Laboratory experiment of dissolved organic carbon | 第43页 |
| 2.3.3 Stable isotopes analysis | 第43-44页 |
| 2.3.4 Sample analysis for constructed wetland | 第44-45页 |
| 2.4 Nutrient budget | 第45页 |
| 2.5 Quality assurance and quality control | 第45-46页 |
| 2.6 Statistical analysis | 第46-48页 |
| Chapter 3:Use of Constructed Wetland to Treat Aquaculture Wastewater of Grow-outPonds | 第48-67页 |
| 3.1 Introduction | 第48-50页 |
| 3.2 Results | 第50-58页 |
| 3.2.1 Pollutants removal and concentration | 第50-55页 |
| 3.2.2 Nutrient concentrations in ponds | 第55-58页 |
| 3.3. Discussion | 第58-66页 |
| 3.3.1 Pollutants removal in constructed wetland | 第58-59页 |
| 3.3.2 Constructed wetland performance | 第59-64页 |
| 3.3.3 Comparisons among the ponds | 第64-66页 |
| 3.4 Summary | 第66-67页 |
| Chapter 4:Seasonal Nutrient Chemistry in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA) System | 第67-89页 |
| 4.1 Introduction | 第67-68页 |
| 4.2 Results | 第68-76页 |
| 4.2.1 Surface hydrology | 第68-69页 |
| 4.2.2 Spatial distribution of nutrients | 第69-71页 |
| 4.2.3 Vertical distribution of nutrients in aquaculture areas | 第71-74页 |
| 4.2.4 Riverine nutrients | 第74-76页 |
| 4.3 Discussion | 第76-88页 |
| 4.3.1 Seasonal hydrology | 第76-77页 |
| 4.3.2 Seasonal distribution of nutrients | 第77-80页 |
| 4.3.3 Nutrient dynamics in culture areas | 第80-83页 |
| 4.3.4 Nutrient limitations | 第83-84页 |
| 4.3.5 Mass balance | 第84-88页 |
| 4.4 Summary | 第88-89页 |
| Chapter 5:Carbon, Nitrogen Flow and Trophic Relationship in an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) System | 第89-107页 |
| 5.1 Introduction | 第89-91页 |
| 5.2 Results | 第91-96页 |
| 5.2.1 Hydrographic parameters | 第91-92页 |
| 5.2.2 Stable isotopes analysis of biological samples | 第92-94页 |
| 5.2.3 Stable isotopes analysis of suspended and sedimentary organic matters in cultureareas | 第94-96页 |
| 5.3 Discussion | 第96-105页 |
| 5.3.1 lsotopic composition in aquaculture areas | 第96-102页 |
| 5.3.2 Sources of suspended and sedimentary organic matter across the bay | 第102-105页 |
| 5.4 Summary | 第105-107页 |
| Chapter 6:Seasonal Variations of Dissolved Organic Carbon in IntegratedAquaculture System | 第107-120页 |
| 6.1 Introduction | 第107-108页 |
| 6.2 Results | 第108-114页 |
| 6.2.1 Surface distribution of salinity and chlorophyll-α | 第108-110页 |
| 6.2.2 Surface distribution of dissolved organic carbon | 第110-112页 |
| 6.2.3 Vertical distribution of dissolved organic carbon | 第112-113页 |
| 6.2.4 Experimental analysis | 第113-114页 |
| 6.3 Discussion | 第114-119页 |
| 6.3.1 Fate of dissolved organic carbon at surface layer | 第114-116页 |
| 6.3.2 Dissolved organic carbon at bottom layers | 第116-117页 |
| 6.3.3 Removal of dissolved organic carbon from the bay | 第117-119页 |
| 6.4 Summary | 第119-120页 |
| Chapter 7:History and Future Development of Shrimp Farming in Pakistan | 第120-130页 |
| 7.1 Introduction | 第120-121页 |
| 7.2 Coastal areas of Pakistan | 第121-122页 |
| 7.3 Importance of F. merguiensis for Aquaculture | 第122-123页 |
| 7.4 Exotic species in aquaculture 103 | 第123页 |
| 7.5 Economics culture systems of shrimp farming | 第123-124页 |
| 7.6 Brief history of shrimp farming in Pakistan | 第124-125页 |
| 7.7 Learning from experience of other countries | 第125-126页 |
| 7.8 Opportunities and future of shrimp farming | 第126-128页 |
| 7.9 Summary | 第128-129页 |
| 7.10 Recommendations | 第129-130页 |
| Chapter 8:Overall Conclusions and Synthesis | 第130-142页 |
| 8.1 Justification and organization of work | 第130-131页 |
| 8.2 Important findings | 第131-134页 |
| 8.3 Main conclusions and recommendations | 第134-135页 |
| 8.4 Global view and synthesis of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture and case study ofSanggou Bay | 第135-141页 |
| 8.5 Implications for future research | 第141-142页 |
| References | 第142-173页 |
| List of Publications from Thesis | 第173页 |
