| Abstract | 第1-5页 |
| 摘要 | 第5-6页 |
| List of Figures | 第6页 |
| List of Tables | 第6-8页 |
| Contents | 第8-10页 |
| Chapter 1. Introduction | 第10-15页 |
| ·Rationale of the study | 第10-11页 |
| ·Motivation of the study | 第11-12页 |
| ·Significance of the study | 第12-13页 |
| ·Structure of the thesis | 第13-15页 |
| Chapter 2. Literature Review | 第15-21页 |
| ·Criticism as a speech act | 第15-17页 |
| ·Scholars'explanations of criticism speech act | 第15-16页 |
| ·Differentiation between criticism and complaint | 第16-17页 |
| ·Previous studies on criticism speech act | 第17-20页 |
| ·Oversea studies | 第19页 |
| ·Domestic studies | 第19-20页 |
| ·Summary | 第20-21页 |
| Chapter 3. Theoretical Framework | 第21-37页 |
| ·Speech Act Theory | 第21-25页 |
| ·Austin's taxonomy about speech acts | 第21-22页 |
| ·Searle's taxonomy about speech acts | 第22-24页 |
| ·Criticism strategies based on the theory of indirect speech acts | 第24-25页 |
| ·Brown and Levinson's Politeness Theory | 第25-30页 |
| ·Face,face-threatening act,and politeness strategies | 第26-27页 |
| ·Arguments on the universality | 第27-29页 |
| ·Criticism strategies based on Brown and Levinson's Politeness Theory | 第29-30页 |
| ·Cultural norms and pragmatic preferences | 第30-35页 |
| ·Hofstede's dimensions of cultural variability | 第31-33页 |
| ·Pragmatic preferences | 第33-35页 |
| ·Summary | 第35-37页 |
| Chapter 4. Pragmatic Analysis of Criticism Speech Acts on News Websites | 第37-80页 |
| ·The research | 第37页 |
| ·The instrument | 第37-38页 |
| ·Reliability and validity of data | 第38-39页 |
| ·Data analysis and discussion | 第39-78页 |
| ·Strategies used in the data and quantitative analysis | 第40-73页 |
| ·Strategy preferences in criticizing international affairs | 第73-75页 |
| ·Strategy preferences in criticizing national political issues | 第75-76页 |
| ·Strategy preferences in criticizing national social issues | 第76-78页 |
| ·Summary | 第78-80页 |
| Chapter 5. Cultural Interpretation | 第80-89页 |
| ·Cultural universality of criticism speech acts on news websites | 第81-82页 |
| ·Cultural difference of criticism speech acts on news websites | 第82-88页 |
| ·Long-term orientation VS short-term orientation | 第83-84页 |
| ·Femininity VS masculinity | 第84-85页 |
| ·High level of power distance VS low level of power distance | 第85-86页 |
| ·Different states of the internet cultural influence | 第86-88页 |
| ·Summary | 第88-89页 |
| Chapter 6. Conclusion | 第89-93页 |
| ·Conclusion of the study | 第89-91页 |
| ·Characteristics of criticism speech acts on news websites | 第89-90页 |
| ·Cultural influence of criticism speech acts on news websites | 第90-91页 |
| ·Limitations of the study | 第91-92页 |
| ·Suggestions for further research | 第92-93页 |
| Bibliography | 第93-98页 |
| Appendix:Sources of the data | 第98-102页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第102页 |
