| 答辩决议书 | 第1-6页 |
| Acknowledgements | 第6-8页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第8-12页 |
| 中文摘要 | 第12-15页 |
| Table of Contents | 第15-21页 |
| List of Tables | 第21-24页 |
| List of Figures | 第24-25页 |
| List of Abbreviations | 第25-26页 |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | 第26-33页 |
| ·Research Background | 第26-28页 |
| ·Research Questions | 第28-29页 |
| ·Significance of the Study | 第29-32页 |
| ·Theoretical Significance | 第29-30页 |
| ·Practical Significance | 第30-32页 |
| ·Overview of the Dissertation | 第32-33页 |
| Chapter 2 Review of the Literature | 第33-91页 |
| ·Introduction | 第33页 |
| ·The Psychological Process of Discourse Comprehension | 第33-37页 |
| ·General Information-Processing System | 第33-35页 |
| ·Discourse Comprehension Process | 第35-37页 |
| ·Working Memory | 第37-51页 |
| ·The Concept of Working Memory | 第37-38页 |
| ·Baddeley and Hitch’s Model of Working Memory | 第38-41页 |
| ·Phonological Loop | 第38-39页 |
| ·Visuospatial Sketchpad | 第39-40页 |
| ·Central Executive | 第40页 |
| ·Episodic Buffer | 第40-41页 |
| ·Working Memory Capacity | 第41-46页 |
| ·Working Memory Load in Discourse Comprehension | 第46-51页 |
| ·Capacity-Based Theory | 第51-60页 |
| ·The Theory | 第51-52页 |
| ·Related Research | 第52-58页 |
| ·Working Memory in L2 Reading Comprehension | 第53-57页 |
| ·Working Memory in L2 Listening Comprehension | 第57-58页 |
| ·Challenges to the Capacity-Based Theory | 第58-60页 |
| ·Knowledge-Based Theory | 第60-86页 |
| ·Long-Term Memory | 第61页 |
| ·Construction-Integration Model | 第61-64页 |
| ·Long-Term Working Memory Theory | 第64-66页 |
| ·Cognitive Load Theory | 第66-69页 |
| ·Schema theory | 第67-68页 |
| ·Schema and Working Memory Load | 第68-69页 |
| ·Related Research | 第69-75页 |
| ·Related Psychological Research | 第69-71页 |
| ·Related Psycholinguistic Research | 第71-75页 |
| ·Key Visuals | 第75-86页 |
| ·Background Information | 第75-76页 |
| ·Knowledge Framework and Knowledge Structure | 第76-78页 |
| ·The Concept of Key Visuals | 第78-81页 |
| ·Related Research | 第81-85页 |
| ·Effectiveness of Key Visuals from the Perspective of the Knowledge-Based Theory | 第85-86页 |
| ·Summary | 第86-91页 |
| ·Limitations and Implications of the Previous Studies | 第86-90页 |
| ·The Effects of Key Visuals on L2 Comprehension | 第87页 |
| ·The Role of Working Memory in L2 Comprehension | 第87-89页 |
| ·The Interplay between Working Memory and Domain Knowledge | 第89页 |
| ·Working Memory Demands in L2 Listening and L2 Reading Comprehension | 第89-90页 |
| ·General Assumption and Research Questions | 第90-91页 |
| Chapter 3 Research Design and Methodology | 第91-117页 |
| ·Research Design | 第91-92页 |
| ·Participants | 第92-97页 |
| ·Materials | 第97-100页 |
| ·Stimulus Material for Reading and Listening Comprehension Tests | 第97-100页 |
| ·Key Visuals | 第100页 |
| ·Test Instruments | 第100-107页 |
| ·Reading and Listening Span Tests | 第100-104页 |
| ·Listening and Reading Comprehension Tests | 第104-107页 |
| ·Recall Protocol | 第105-106页 |
| ·Sentence Verification Test | 第106-107页 |
| ·Data Collection | 第107-112页 |
| ·Pilot Study | 第108页 |
| ·Pre-experimental Procedures | 第108-109页 |
| ·Reading and Listening Pretests | 第109-110页 |
| ·Practice Session | 第110页 |
| ·Reading and Listening Posttests | 第110-111页 |
| ·Reading and Listening Span Tests | 第111-112页 |
| ·Data Analysis | 第112-117页 |
| ·Scoring | 第112-115页 |
| ·Listening and Reading Span Tests | 第112-113页 |
| ·Listening and Reading Pretests and Posttests | 第113-115页 |
| ·Statistical Analysis | 第115-117页 |
| Chapter 4 Results and Discussion | 第117-178页 |
| ·Introduction | 第117页 |
| ·Working Memory Tests and L2 Comprehension Tests | 第117-137页 |
| ·Working Memory Tests | 第117-127页 |
| ·Listening Span Test | 第117-121页 |
| ·Reading Span Test | 第121-127页 |
| ·Listening and Reading Comprehension Tests | 第127-137页 |
| ·L2 Listening Comprehension Tests | 第127-132页 |
| ·L2 Reading Comprehension Tests | 第132-137页 |
| ·The Relationship between Working Memory Capacity and L2 Comprehension | 第137-160页 |
| ·Working Memory in L2 Listening and L2 Reading Comprehension | 第137-155页 |
| ·A Comparison of the Roles of Working Memory in L2 Listening and L2 Reading Comprehension | 第155-159页 |
| ·Summary | 第159-160页 |
| ·Effects of Key Visuals on L2 Comprehension | 第160-177页 |
| ·Listening Comprehension | 第162-169页 |
| ·From the Perspective of Construction Integration Model and Long-term Working Memory Theory | 第167-168页 |
| ·From the Perspective of Cognitive Load Theory | 第168-169页 |
| ·Reading Comprehension | 第169-176页 |
| ·From the Perspective of Cognitive Load Theory | 第174-175页 |
| ·From the Perspective of Dual-Process Theory | 第175-176页 |
| ·Summary | 第176-177页 |
| ·Summary | 第177-178页 |
| Chapter 5 Major Findings, Implications,Limitations and Recommendations | 第178-195页 |
| ·Introduction | 第178页 |
| ·Major Findings | 第178-181页 |
| ·Research Question 1: What is the role of WM in L2comprehension for L2 learners? | 第179页 |
| ·Research Question 2: What effects does presenting the keyvisuals prior to the comprehension tasks have on the role of WMcapacity in L2 comprehension? | 第179-180页 |
| ·Research Question 3: What effects does presenting the keyvisuals prior to the comprehension tasks have on L2comprehension for learners with different WM capacities? | 第180-181页 |
| ·Theoretical Implications | 第181-186页 |
| ·The Roles of Working Memory and Long-Term Memory in L2 Comprehension | 第181-184页 |
| ·The Role of Key Visuals in Reducing the Load on Working Memory | 第184-186页 |
| ·Practical Implications | 第186-192页 |
| ·To Compensate for the Working Memory Limitations | 第186-188页 |
| ·To Promote the L2 Processing Capability | 第188-189页 |
| ·To Reduce the Working Memory Load in L2 Comprehension | 第189-190页 |
| ·Suggestions on Generalizing the Findings | 第190-192页 |
| ·Limitations and Recommendations for the Future Research | 第192-195页 |
| References | 第195-216页 |
| Appendix 1 Background Questionnaire | 第216-217页 |
| Appendix 2 English Proficiency Test | 第217-226页 |
| Appendix 3 Testing Passages | 第226-234页 |
| Appendix 4 Key Visuals | 第234-238页 |
| Appendix 5 Sentence Verification Test (Passage 1) | 第238-239页 |
| Appendix 6 Sentences in the Listening Span Test | 第239-241页 |
| Appendix 7 Sentences in the Reading Span Test | 第241-243页 |
| Appendix 8 Example of Idea Units and Value Assignments | 第243-244页 |
| 附件 | 第244页 |
