| DECLARATION | 第12-13页 |
| CERTIFICATION | 第13-14页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 第14-16页 |
| 英文摘要 | 第16页 |
| GENERAL INTRODUCTION | 第18-23页 |
| CHAPTER 1 | 第23-49页 |
| 1．0 LITERATURE REVIEW | 第23-49页 |
| 1．1 EXPLOITING HETEROSIS IN HYBRID RICE BREEDING | 第23-24页 |
| 1．2 MALE STERILITY SYSTEMS FOR DEVELOPING RICE HYBRIDS | 第24-45页 |
| 1．2．1 Cytoplasmic-Genetic Male Sterility （three-line system） | 第25-26页 |
| 1．2．2 Environment Sensitive Genic Male Sterility EGMS （two-line system） | 第26-45页 |
| 1．2．2．1 Discovery of Two-Line System | 第26-27页 |
| 1．2．2．2 Advantages of Two-Line System | 第27-28页 |
| A． TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE GENIC MALE STERILITY | 第29页 |
| B． REVERSE TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE GENIE MALE STERILITY | 第29页 |
| C． PHOTOPERIOD SENSITIVE GENIE MALE STERILITY | 第29页 |
| D． REVERSE PHOTOPERIOD SENSITIVE GENIE MALE STERILITY | 第29页 |
| E． PHOTO-THERMO SENSITIVE GENIE MALE STERILITY | 第29-28页 |
| 1．2．2．3 Characterizng EGMS lines of RICE | 第28-30页 |
| 1．2．2．4 Breeding Procedures of EGMS Two-Line System | 第30页 |
| 1．2．2．5 Selection of Parents | 第30-31页 |
| 1．2．2．6 Strategy of Offspring Selection and Identification | 第31-32页 |
| 1．2．2．7 Sterility Standard of EGMS Lines | 第32页 |
| 1．2．2．8 Wide-Compatibility and Its Utilization in Two-Line Hybrid Rice Breeding | 第32-34页 |
| 1．2．2．8．1 Integration of Wide-Compatibility Genes in Two-Line System | 第33页 |
| 1．2．2．8．2 Selection for Wide Compatibility PGMS/TGMS | 第33-34页 |
| 1．2．2．9 Techniques for Increasing Purity of Two-Line System | 第34页 |
| 1．2．2．9．1 Problems of EGMS in Practical Application | 第34页 |
| 1．2．2．9．1．1 Unstable Critical Temperature Inducing Sterility | 第34页 |
| 1．2．2．9．1．2 Unstable Temperature in the Nature Conditions | 第34页 |
| 1．2．2．10 Genetic Analysis and Breeding Behavior of EGMS in Two-Line System | 第34-37页 |
| 1．2．2．11 Fertility Alteration Characteristics of EGMS Two-Line System | 第37-45页 |
| 1．2．2．11．1 Characteristics of Response of EGMS Lines to Light and Temperature | 第37-38页 |
| 1．2．2．11．2 Mechanisms of Fertility Transition in EGMS Lines | 第38-40页 |
| 1．2．2．11．2．1 Model for Action of Light and Temperature on Fertility Transition in EGMS Lines | 第38-39页 |
| 1．2．2．11．2．2 Valve Value of Temperature for Expression and Restoration of Sterility in EGMS Lines | 第39页 |
| 1．2．2．11．2．3 Effect of Light, Temperature, and Humidity on Fertility Transition in EGMS Lines | 第39-40页 |
| 1．2．2．11．3 Fertility Stability of the EGMS Lines and Their Identification Technology | 第40-41页 |
| 1．2．2．11．4 Fertility Fluctuation in EGMS | 第41-42页 |
| 1．2．2．11．4．1 Reasons for the Fertility Fluctuation in the EGMS Lines | 第41-42页 |
| 1．2．2．11．5 Identification of Standard Commercial EGMS Lines | 第42页 |
| 1．2．2．11．6 Photo-Thermosensitive Stages of Fertility Alteration of EGMS Lines | 第42-44页 |
| 1．2．2．11．6．1 Thermo-Sensitive Stage of Fertility Alteration of TGMS Lines | 第43-44页 |
| 1．2．2．11．7 Temperature Regimes of Fertility-Sterility Alteration of EGMS Lines | 第44-45页 |
| 1．2．2．12 Using Two-Line System in Hybrid Rice Production | 第45页 |
| 1．3 CHEMICALLY INDUCED MALE STERILITY | 第45-46页 |
| 1．4 IMPROVEMENT OF BACTERIAL BLIGHT RESISTANCE OF HYBRID RICE | 第46-49页 |
| CHAPTER 2 | 第49-52页 |
| 2．0 GENERAL MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第49-52页 |
| 2．1 MATERIALS | 第49页 |
| 2．1．1 Plant Materials | 第49页 |
| 2．1．2 Instruments | 第49页 |
| 2．1．3 Chemicals | 第49页 |
| 2．2 METHODS | 第49-52页 |
| 2． 2．1 Field Work | 第49页 |
| 2． 2．2 Sowing and Transplanting of the PTGMS Lines | 第49-50页 |
| 2． 2．3 Laboratory Work | 第50-52页 |
| 2．2．3．1 Pre-germination of Seeds | 第50页 |
| 2．2．3．2 Pollen Fertility/Sterility Test | 第50-51页 |
| 2．2．3．3 Determination of Seed set Rate （%） | 第51-52页 |
| CHAPTER 3 | 第52-72页 |
| 3．0 STERILITY EXPRESSION OF PHOTO-THERMO-SENSITIVE GENIC MALE STERILE（PTGMS） LINES AND SPIKELET OPENING TIME UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS | 第52-72页 |
| 3．1 INTRODUCTION | 第52-53页 |
| 3．2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 第53-54页 |
| 3． 2．1 Methods of Investigation | 第53-54页 |
| 3．3 RESULTS | 第54-67页 |
| 3．3．1 STERILITY EXPRESSION OF PHOTO-THERMO-SENSITIVE GENIC MALE STERILE（PTGMS） LINES UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS | 第54-64页 |
| 3．3．1．1 Pattern of male sterility transformation | 第54-55页 |
| 3．3．1．2 Sterile/Fertile Stage | 第55页 |
| 3．3．1．3 Thermo-Sensitive Stage of Fertility Expression of the PTGMS Lines | 第55-64页 |
| 3．3．1．3．1 Correlation Between TGMS-Related Characters | 第55-56页 |
| 3．3．1．3．2 Critical Sterility Point of Thermo-Sensitive Stage of the PTGMS Lines | 第56页 |
| 3．3．1．3．3 Effect of Low Temperature Interruption under the Sterility Inducing Regime | 第56-64页 |
| 3．3．2 DISTRIBUTION OF FLOWERING TIME OF PTGMS LINES | 第64-67页 |
| 3．3．2．1 Spikelets Opening Time of PTGMS Lines | 第64-67页 |
| 3．4 DISCUSSION | 第67-72页 |
| 3．4．1．1 PHOTO-THERMO-SENSITIVE RESPONSE OF PTGMS LINES | 第67页 |
| 3．4．1．2 PTGMS lines and their characteristic photo-thermo-sensitive stages | 第67-69页 |
| 3．4．1．3 Gene expression of sterility of PTGMS lines | 第69页 |
| 3．4．1．4 Types of genic male sterile lines | 第69-70页 |
| 3．4．2 SPIKELET OPENING BEHAVIOR OF PTGMS LINES | 第70-72页 |
| CHAPTER 4 | 第72-81页 |
| 4．0 AMMI ANALYSIS OF GENOTYPES X SOWING STAGES EFFECT ON THE FERTILITY STABILITY OF PTGMS LINES | 第72-81页 |
| 4．1 Introduction | 第72-73页 |
| 4．2 Materials and Methods | 第73-75页 |
| 4．2．1 Statistical Analysis | 第74-75页 |
| 4．3 RESULTS | 第75-80页 |
| 4．3．1 The Main Effect Analysis | 第76-77页 |
| 4．3．2 Biplot Display | 第77-80页 |
| 4．4 DISCUSSION | 第80-81页 |
| CHAPTER 5 | 第81-87页 |
| 5．0 RESISTANCE STUDY 0F XA21 TRANSGENIC PROGENIES OF PEI'AI 64S | 第81-87页 |
| 5．1 Introduction | 第81页 |
| 5．2 Materials and Methods | 第81-83页 |
| 5．2．1 Plant Materials | 第81-82页 |
| 5．2．2 Genomic DNA Extraction | 第82页 |
| 5．2．3 PCR Analysis | 第82-83页 |
| 5．3 RESULTS | 第83-87页 |
| 5．3．1 Resistance performance of transgenic PTGMS lines | 第83-84页 |
| 5．3．2 PCR Analysis of Xa21 Gene in PTGMS Lines | 第84-87页 |
| 5．4 DISCUSSION | 第87页 |
| CHAPTER 6 | 第87-89页 |
| 6．0 MAIN CONCLUSIONS | 第87-89页 |
| REFERENCES | 第89-101页 |
